Summary.Onset of capacity for childbearing in women is dated biologically by menarche, although actual onset may be delayed. The end of childbearing is less understood but recent demographic and biological research on fertility at older ages is clarifying the end of fertility.The demographic view of declining fertility with age is based on agespecific fertility in natural fertility populations, artificial insemination and pregnancy rates by age and World Fertility Survey data. New data from the Demographic and Health Surveys on exposure to the risk of pregnancy shows that whereas older women biologically need longer exposure to pregnancy, exposure declines on behavioural grounds such as duration of marriage. Actual fecundity is obscured by factors of fecundability. Recent research on medically assisted conception is adding to the understanding of declining fecundity with age, especially the relative contributions of endometrial and ovarian ageing. This paper reviews the available information on declining fertility with age and discusses the implications of the extension of fertility through new medical technologies.
Cahiers québécois de démographie Nuptialité et fécondité des hommes au Sud-Bénin : faits et opinions Florentin Donadjé Démographie sociale en Afrique Volume 21, numéro 1, printemps 1992 URI : id.erudit.org/iderudit/010104ar
This historical demographic analysis indicates that mortality resulting from HIV infection and AIDS among men and women varies considerable by country. Rates of death were highest in the US and lowest in Australia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.
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