Infertility in sub-Saharan Africa: Estimates and Implications

Frank, Odile

doi:10.2307/1972901

Cited by 106 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Introducing an index of sterility would be useful if variations in sterility exist among populations and contribute significantly to variations in fertility. There is no doubt that sterility was at elevated levels in selected African populations in the decades before the 1980s (Frank 1983). Beginning in the 1990s, however, the role of sterility variations appears to have become small enough to be ignored.…”

Section: Sterilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the fertility impact of the proximate determinants: Time for a tune-up

Bongaarts¹

2015

DemRes

128

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BACKGROUNDMany analyses of the determinants of fertility make a distinction between proximate and background determinants. The former include behavioral factors such as the use of contraception or abortion through which the background determinants (e.g., social and economic variables) affect fertility. These relationships were first recognized by Davis and Blake (1956), who defined a large set of "intermediate fertility variables." In the late 1970s Bongaarts (1978) identified a smaller set of proximate determinants and developed a relatively simple model to quantify their fertility effects. OBJECTIVEThis paper fine-tunes the Bongaarts proximate determinants model in light of new evidence, research, and data that have become available over the past three decades. Reproductive behavior has changed substantially and certain original simplifying assumptions have become less accurate over time. In addition, new research allows some features of the model to be improved. METHODSix adjustments to the model are proposed and implemented. The revised model is compared with the original version and with a revision proposed by Stover (1998). RESULTRevised estimates of the indexes of the proximate determinants and total fecundity are provided for the most recent DHS surveys in 36 developing countries. The revised model provides a better fit than do earlier models. CONCLUSIONThe proximate determinants model, as originally conceived, remains conceptually sound. However, theoretical and empirical evidence accumulated over the past three decades suggests a number of ways to fine-tune the model to make it more robust and accurate in contemporary populations. The resulting revised model provides an

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Section: Sterilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the fertility impact of the proximate determinants: Time for a tune-up

Bongaarts¹

2015

DemRes

128

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“…Sexual communication has been identified as one of the key components in understanding the interpersonal interactions that facilitate or impede sexual health protective behaviours, including condom use. 10 Most of the researches in this area has focused on discussions specifically about condom use and the positive health protective implications of such discussions. Numerous studies have shown a direct correlation between communication about condom use and higher rates of actual condom use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequities in Sexually Transmitted Infections: Implications for HIV Infection and Control in Lagos State, Nigeria

Adeyemi

2011

Infectious Disease Reports

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Beyond the statistics of sex-based differences in infection rates, there are profound differences in the underlying causes and consequences of HIV infections in male and female which need to be examined. The study therefore examines; the gender differences in the STI knowledge and gender-related potential risks of HIV heterosexual transmission. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A multistage random sampling procedure was employed in administration of 1358 questionnaires. For qualitative data, four focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted to collect information from stakeholders within the study population, while In-depth interview was employed to collect information from 188 people living with HIV/AIDS through support groups in the State. The data collected were subjected to basic demographic analytical techniques. Combination of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were employed. Information from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were transcribed and organized under broad headings that depict different aspects of the discussions. Majority of the respondents interviewed did not inform their partners about their infection in the study area. It was also discovered that stigmatization did not allow some women to disclose their status to their sexual partners. Some of the HIV-positive patients interviewed agreed that they did not attend the health facilities to treat the STI's before they were finally confirmed positive. The study hypothesis revealed that communication between partners about STI's was associated with an increase in risk reduction behaviour. The paper concluded that there is need for more information and education on communication about STI's between the sexual partners; to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases within the nation.

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“…Sexuality and the family are therefore crucial issues if the many problems women in African countries face due to inequitable sexual relations are to be taken seriously. That the greatest risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) to women in Africa is provided by their husbands and other unstable partners has long been established (Frank 1983). This is evidently different from infection through homosexual transmission characteristic of the developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%