Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60°C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37-23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28-34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between 18.0-19.8 Cp.
The research was aimed to determine the volume and time of giving the natural antibiotic which are optimal for the value of Index Performance (IP) of broiler chickens. The first treatment variable was: giving natural antibiotics with a dose for partition 1 0.05mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day, partition 2 0.1mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day, partition 3 0.15mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day, partition 4 (synthetic antibiotics as a comparison) and carried out for 35 days in a fixed time of 24 hours. Optimal results with the best Index Performance (IP) obtained from the first variable followed by the second treatment variable, the time of giving natural antibiotics for partition 1 given once a day, partition 2 every two days, and partition 3 three days with a constant giving dose 0.15 mL / 40 mL water / chicken / day for 35 days. The parameters observed were: (1) average body weight, (2) weight gain, (3) feed consumption, (4) feed conversion, and (5) number of live chickens. From these data the IP of broiler chickens was calculated and from the two variables obtained the optimal dose and time of giving natural antibiotics. Based on research results from the product, the best of giving natural antibiotic volume is 0.15 mL / chicken or equal to 4.2 mL / 28 chickens which it is able to increase the value of broiler chicken IP until harvest time. From the optimal results obtained in the trial volume variation of giving natural antibiotic, the experiment can be continued with the aim of determining the optimal time of giving herbal antibiotics namely the best results are obtained once a day for 28 chickens because it shows that the giving natural antibiotic is able to increase the IP value of broiler chickens until harvest.
Corn cobs as waste organic agricultural having content±45% cellulose. Cellulose is a biopolymer that can be converted into glucose. Glucose can be produced by A.niger and T.ressei through fermentation process. Glucose in generate can be developed to become fructose syrup through a process isomerisasi with enzymes glucoisomerase prodused by Streptomyces Sp. This research using corn cobs yellow as a source of cellulose for the production of fructose. The purpose of this research is to find concentration fructose syrup obtained from fermentation process. Convertion cellulose be done in enzimatis use A.niger and T.ressei through the fermentation process by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The process continues with isomerization use Streptomyces Sp. The process isomerization done with variations time is 1,2,3, and 4 hour and variation pH 6,7, and 8. Analysis concentration glucose and fructose of fermentation product performed with GCMS. The highest result obtained was fermentation 1 hour at pH 6 with glukoce 6,7% and fructose 16,22%.
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