Forty Pelibuey × Kathdin lambs (35.5 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a 56-day feeding experiment to assess the effects of feeding different levels of chromium-enriched live yeast (Cr-YC) on growth performance, dietary energetics, carcass traits and visceral organ mass. The Cr-YC source contained 5.5 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) and 0.40 mg of Cr per gram. Treatments consisted of a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2 or 3 g Cr-YC/lamb.day. Total daily dosages were: 5.5 × 109 CFU and 0.4 mg; 1.1 × 1010 CFU and 0.8 mg Cr, and 1.65 × 1010 CFU and 1.2 mg Cr for supplementation levels of 1, 2 or 3 g Cr-YC/lamb.day, respectively. There were no treatments effects on dry matter intake. As the level of Cr-YC supplementation increased, average daily gain, gain to feed and dietary net energy were linearly increased, and observed/expected dry matter intake was linearly decreased. Chromium-enriched live yeast supplementation increased empty bodyweight (EBW), gastrointestinal fill and full viscera weight, but did not influence organ weights as a proportion of EBW (g/kg EBW). Cr-YC level did not affect carcass length, backfat thickness, kidney, pelvic and heart fat or body wall thickness, but increased hot carcass weight and longissimus muscle area. In general, treatment effects on percentage yield of wholesale cuts (tissue weight as a percentage of cold carcass weight) were small. However, Cr-YC decreased percentage flank. Chromium-enriched yeast supplementation enhances growth rate, longissimus muscle area, and dietary energetic efficiency in finishing feedlot lambs.
One hundred eighty-nine Catalan crossbreed donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) were used to evaluate the effect of gender (gelding, n=106; or female, n=83) and live weight at slaughter (LW) (<100kg, n=25; 101 to 125kg, n=42; 126 to 150kg, n=85; and 151>kg, n=37) on carcass characteristics, non-carcass components and meat and fat color. Geldings had greater (P<0.05) carcass weight, carcass dressing and *L value of subcutaneous fat than females; but females had greater (P<0.05) cooling loss, a* value of semitendinosus muscle and b* value of subcutaneous fat. Donkeys with more than 126kg of LW showed greater (P<0.05) carcass weight and dressing and lower (P<0.05) cooling loss compared to lighter donkeys. The a* value of semitendinosus muscle and abdominal fat was greater in heaviest donkeys (>151kg). Meanwhile, the LW did not affect the color (L*, a* and b* values) of subcutaneous fat (P>0.05). These results suggested that both gender and live weight should be considered when producing meat from donkeys. It is advisable to use geldings weighing more than 126kg at slaughter to obtain the greatest weight and carcass yield.
Se estimó la tasa de pérdida de colonias de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) y los factores asociados en los inviernos 2016 al 2019 en la región centro-occidente de México. Se encuestaron 389 apicultores y 50,392 colonias fueron incluidas en el análisis. La tasa de pérdida de colonias fue del 23.61% para el invierno 2016-2017 (IC 95% 19.97-27.24%), de 15.43% para el invierno de 2017-2018 (IC 95% 13.35-17.51%) y de 25.33% en el invierno de 2018-2019 (IC 95% 23.0-27.65%). La tasa de pérdida de colonias en el invierno de 2017-2018 fue significativamente menor que la tasa de pérdida en los inviernos 2016-2017 y 2018-2019 (P<0.0001). Los apicultores encuestados atribuyen una mayor tasa de pérdida a problemas relacionados con la reina (zanganeras, mala postura) que debido a la evasión o muerte de colonias (enfermedades, plagas, intoxicaciones entre otros) y al mal tiempo (sequías, heladas). No hubo efectos significativos de la práctica de apicultura migratoria y del tamaño de explotación apícola sobre estas pérdidas. Los resultados de este estudio revelan datos similares a las reportados en otros países. Se recomienda la implementación de estrategias que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad de las reinas, el control de enfermedades y la africanización, evitar la intoxicación por plaguicidas y mitigar los efectos del mal tiempo.
| Forty male hairy lambs (¼ Pelibuey and ¾ Katahdin, 31.53 ± 3.8 kg initial LW) were fed during 70 days with total mixed ration corn-based finishing diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4, or 6 g tannins extract/kg dietary dry matter (Control, TAN2, TAN4, and TAN6, respectively) in order to evaluate the effects of long-term tannin supplementation on meat quality. The tannins extract (TAN) contained a minimum of 70% tannin, comprised of a 50:50 blend of both condensed and hydrolysable forms. Average net intake of tannin were 1.71, 3.45, and 5.2 g of tannin/day for TAN2, TAN4, and TAN6, respectively. Lambs, were slaughtered at 48.14 ± 4.8 kg averaging 27.77±2.78 kg of carcass weight. Records and meat samples of each carcass were obtained and analyzed (10 samples/treatment). There were no treatment effects on carcass traits. Tannin supplementation did not affect pH, drip loss or cook loss. However, tannin supplementation linearly increased (P ≤ 0.04) the L value and shear force, and tended to increase (P=0.08) water holding capacity being maximal at high supplementation level (6 g TAN/kg dietary DM). It is concluded that longterm supplementation of tannins may affect color and tenderness of meat lamb when is supplemented beyond 4 g/kg DM. However, further research must be performed in order to establish the maximum dose level of supplementation with positive effects on meat quality but without detrimental effects of tannins on feed intake, nutrient utilization and health.
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