One hundred suspected ectopic pregnancies were assessed by ultrasound 011 the basis of the following criteria: (A) viable intrauterine fetus, intrauterine pregnancy is certain; (B) intrauterine double sac or eccentric ring, intrauterine pregnancy is probable; ( C ) empty uterus or central ring but no adnexal mass or cul-de-sac fluid, ectopic pregnancy is possible; (D) empty uterus or central ring and an adnexal maqs or cul-de-sac fluid, ectopic pregnancy is probable; (E) viable ectopic fetus, ectopic pregnancy is certain. Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (S-hCG) was detected by an immunofluorometric assay (sensitivity 0.2 i.u./l, cut-off level 10 i.u,/l). All the 51 patients in groups A and B had an intrauterine pregnancy. Normal gestational sacs were found also at S-hCG levels of -4600i.u.A. the lowest level being 894 i.u./l. Ectopic pregnancy was confirmed in 29 of the 30 women in groups D and E . In the 19 women categorized into group C serial hCG assay and repeated sonography diagnosed cctopic pregnancy in 12 and miscarriage of an intrauterine pregnancy in the other seven. Ectopic pregnancy was always found when no gestational sac was seen by sonography and the hCG level was >1000 i.u./l.
Different aspects of the menstrual pattcrn including dysmenorrhea, premenstrual tension and working performance during menstruation was studied in three different investigations.The first study includes 5458 adolescent girls aged 10 to 20. The incidence of invariably painful menstruation was 7.2 per cent during the first gynecological year and 26 per cent five years later. A correlation was found between mothers and daughters for dysmenorrhea as well as for premenstrual tension.In a second study including 331 girls aged 13 to 20 years the overall absence from school due to pain was 23.4 per cent. The frequency of dysmenorrhea increased from 36 per cent to 56.5 per cent between 13-14 years and 17-20 years.Socio-medical aspects of menstrual pattern were studied in 865 adult women. Approximately 88 per cent had premenstrual tension and almost 45 per cent had menstrual pain. Thus the treatment of menstrual distress during adolescence is of great importance and the use of modern prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may be very useful.
SummaryA total of 412 patients had second trimester abortions and in five of them a rupture of the cervix was detected. An attempt is made to relate the occurrence of this complication to age, parity and to the method of stimulating uterine activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.