Among natural antioxidants, increasing attention is being drawn to avenanthramides - phenolic compounds of the common oat Avena sativa (Linnaeus, 1753). Research has shown that avenanthramides have much higher antioxidant activity than well-known bioflavanoids. Currently, a great deal of work is being conducted on the structure of these compounds and mechanisms of their effect on the organism of humans and animals. We explored the specifics of the influence of aqueous extract from A. satíva on the antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of lipids of histologically similar tissues of geese with different levels of aerobicity (muscles of the stomach and cardiac muscle), dynamics of the birds’ live weight and pterylographic parameters under physiological loading by the development of contour and juvenile feathers. The addition of extract of oat to the diet of geese during growth of feathers was observed to increase the antioxidant activity of their tissues. Physiological loading related to the development of contour feathers in the examined tissues of geese significantly weakens as a result of selective inhibition of synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, the content of which in 28-day old geese of the experimental group decreased by 31.7 in the cardiac muscle and 46.8 times in the stomach, compared with the control. Further changes in fatty acid composition were characterized by lower number of differences between the control and experimental groups. Increase in antioxidant activity in these tissues during development of juvenile feathers (day 49) occurs as a result of activation of alternative mechanisms of antioxidative protection, which take place with no significant changes in fatty acid composition. Furthermore, we determined that in the stomach and cardiac muscles of geese, the action of extract from common oat activated mechanisms of antioxidative protection, which increased the level of correlation between the changes in fatty acid composition. The study confirmed that the extract caused not only significant increase in the weight of geese at the end of the experiment, but also improved their pterylographic parameters. Therefore, it is practical to conduct similar studies on wild species of birds grown for hunting, because this process of development of feathers, particularly for such species of birds, is essential.
Under conditions of physiological stress of different aetiologies, cells of any organism undergo compensatory metabolic changes. The specificity of such changes primarily depends on functional and histochemical features of the tissues of the body. The purpose of this work was to describe the functioning of the main components of the oxidation-reduction system, (ORS, the Krebs cycle, and the antioxidant system) in the myocardium of geese under conditions of the physiological stress occurring during the transition from the embryonic to postnatal development. It has been experimentally established that in the second half of geese embryogenesis, the content of short-chain fatty acids is significantly increased and the content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in their myocardium decreases. During the first two weeks of the postnatal period, there are reversible changes in the fatty acid composition of this tissue. The second half of the embryogenesis is characterized by the activation of dehydrogenases of the Krebs cycle in the low variability of antioxidant enzyme activity. At the same time, the experiment demonstrated an increase in the antioxidant activity coefficient, with the exception of its significant reduction on the first day of postnatal ontogenesis. The functioning of the ORS in the myocardium of geese is characterized by the presence of correlations between the nature of the changes of 19 investigated components (dehydrogenases of the Krebs cycle, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant activity coefficient, fatty acids, their total content and unsaturation) and structuring of the system into two clusters.
During prolonged storage at low temperatures, meat quality deteriorates due to the activation of the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. The use of antioxidants in feeding birds to the prefabricated period and during storage of meat significantly inhibits its oxidative damage and prolongs the terms of storage. Vitamin E is traditionally used as one of the most effective fat-soluble antioxidants. The purpose of the work was conducting a comparative analysis of the effects of high content of vitamin E, depending on the technology of its application, on the oxidative damage of geese meat in the course of low temperature storage. The meat of the first experimental sample was obtained from geese that received feed with twice the content of vitamin E in the pre-slaughter period. The meat of the second test sample was obtained by treating geese meat with a vitamin E solution, before low temperature storage. The results of the experiment proved that regardless of the technology of vitamin E application, it contributes to the inhibition of the oxidative damage. An increase of vitamin E dose in the geese dietary is more effective . The content of secondary lipoperoxidation products in the meat of the control sample stored for 210 days increased by 5.3 times, in the first test sample by 2.5 times, and in the second sample by 4.6 times. An additional use of vitamin E in both studied samples contributed to the preservation of unsaturated fatty acids, but the mechanisms of exposure and changes in the content of individual acids in experimental samples are significantly different.
Мета роботи-з'ясувати вплив вікасолу на активність дегідрогеназ циклу Кребса та стан системи антиоксидантного захисту м'язової тканини шлунка гусей. За результатами роботи встановлено, що у гладкій м'язовій тканині шлунка гусей вікасол підвищує активність глутатіонпероксидази, каталази та супероксиддисмутази на 14 і 21 добу онтогенезу, зокрема, на 14 добу глутатіонпероксидазна, каталазна і супероксиддисмутазна активність підвищуються на 181,1 % (p 0,05), 153,2 % (p 0,05) і 103,3 % (p 0,05), через 7 діб на 168,0 % (p 0,05), 99,7 % (p 0,05) і 111,3 % (p 0.05) відносно контрольної групи. Активність ензимів антиоксидантного захисту дослідної групи на 28 добу має тенденцію до зниження, однак, достовірна різниця спостерігається між групами тварин лише для супероксиддисмутази, активність якої за дії вікасолу знижується на 62,5 % (p 0,05). На 35 добу активність глутатіонпероксидази і каталази в дослідній групі підвищується порівняно з контролем на 43,2 % (p 0,05) і 54,1 % (p 0,05), у той же час активність супероксиддисмутази нижча на 23,9 % (р 0,05). У тканині відмічене вірогідне підвищення вмісту Гідроген пероксидів ліпідів (28 доба) на 27 % (р 0,05) відносно контролю із подальшим зниженням на 35 добу онтогенезу. Вікасол стабілізує вміст кінцевих продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів у гомогенаті тканин, за винятком зниження на 8,6 % (р 0,05) в кінці експерименту. За індукції пероксидних процесів Fe2+ їх вміст у дослідній групі підвищується на 108,4 % (р 0 05) (21 доба), в кінці експерименту спостерігається зниження вмісту вторинних продуктів розпаду ліпідів ініційованих Fe2+ у дослідній групі тварин на 27,5 % (р 0,05). Антиоксидантна активність тканини на початку експерименту за дії вікасолу була вища на 30 % (р 0,05), на 21 добу знижувалась на 50 % (р 0,05) відносно контрольної групи, а на 35 добу онтогенезу антиоксидантна активність підвищувалась на 21,6 %.
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