Objective. To characterize the physical qualities and autonomic regulation in adolescents with postural disorders.
Material and methods. 124 teenagers aged 16-17 including 58 boys and 66 girls were examined. There were 2 groups of patients: with postural disorders in the sagittal (n = 57) and frontal plane (n = 67). The examination program included an assessment of physical development, somatotype, general endurance and static endurance of the large muscles of the back and trunk, autonomic regulation by analyzing heart rate variability, levels of personal and situational anxiety, as well as self-esteem.
Results. Adolescents with impaired posture in the sagittal plane are characterized by the predominance of the asthenoid somatotype, a high frequency of body weight deficiency, a decrease in overall endurance, as well as endurance of the back and abdominal muscles, and a predominance of the activity of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. In this category of patients, the thoracic and muscular types of physique predominate in the frontal plane of postural disorders, and there is a significant asymmetry in the static endurance of the lateral muscles of the trunk, and an increase in the functional activity of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In both of these variants of postural disorders in adolescents, there is a high frequency of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, sympathetic hyperreactivity, personal and situational anxiety, and a decrease in self-esteem.
Conclusions. Features of physical qualities, vegetative regulation and psychological sphere should be taken into account when developing differentiated programs for correcting posture in adolescents, depending on the plane of its violation.
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of psychophysical training as a method of non-drug correction of vegetative dystonia syndrome of sympaticotonic type and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents.
Material and methods. 164 patients aged 717 years with sympathicotonic vegetative dystonia syndrome were examined, of which 47 were diagnosed primary arterial hypertension. The baseline autonomic tone (by cumulative clinical tables of autonomic manifestations), autonomic reactivity (based on the results of variation pulsography in ortho-and clean position), support activities (by clean orthostatic test) were evaluated, the heart rate variability was analyzed. As a method of non-drug correction of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system, psychophysical training (main group, n = 110) and therapeutic physical culture (comparison group, n = 54) were used. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, patients were examined twice: before and after the course.
Results. It was found that in the sympaticotonic type of vegetative system, excessive vegetative reactivity and activity maintenance predominate. The use of psychophysical training leads to their normalization in most patients. In patients with primary arterial hypertension, the level of blood pressure decreases. According to the analysis of heart rate variability in the main group there is a significant increase in the total power spectrum of neurohumoral regulation, representation of high-frequency fluctuations with simultaneous reduction of the share of low-frequency waves as well as aligned sympathetic-parasympathetic balance.
Conclusion. Psychophysical training is an effective method for non-drug correction of vegetative dystonia syndrome by sympaticotonic type and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents.
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