S u m m a r yIn Russia, as one of the biggest grain manufacturer and exporter, the wheat is cultivated from west regions to the Far East, and the differences between market classes of wheat grain are of a special interest. In many countries one of the principles for dividing wheat grain on market classes is the type of cultivation in spring and winter wheat. The analysis of accessible publications has shown discrepancy of the conclusions about distinctions between these classes on test weight of a grain, grain protein and gluten content and composition, a gliadin/glutenin ratio, a falling number, dough rheology, parameters of alveogramms, farinogramms, mixogramms, and also on baking properties. As a result of weather conjuncture, the spring wheat cultivars succeed in some regions, but the winter wheat cultivars -in other ones.

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Agricultural research institute for South-East regions�� Saratov�� russiaFalling number (Fn� reflects the level of al�ha amylase activity in grain. The main factor res�onsible for high α amylase levels and low Fn values is visible or hidden �reharvest s�routing (PHS� under adverse weather conditions. in recent decades�� great �rogress has been made in the understanding of biochemical and molecular �rocesses accom�anying PHS and the genetic control of �reharvest s�routing resistance (PHSr� and Fn�� as well as in the develo�ment of methods of breeding for PHSr and Fn. However�� breeding for these traits and the corres�onding theoretical studies have not yet been �ro�erly develo�ed or reflected in the russian literature. The �ur�ose of the review is to fill this ga�. it illustrates the genetic com�lexity and context de�endence of the PHSr and Fn traits and of major factors im�airing Fn. A s�ecific feature of breeding for high PHSr and Fn is that it involves elimination of late maturity α-amylase (LMA� genoty�es in choosing �arents for crossing and from early hybrid generations; choice of donors of target traits with regard to their genetic diversity; methods of evaluation of varieties and lines for PHSr and Fn under different environmental conditions; determination of F 2 �o�ulation size with regard to combination of PHSr�� Fn�� high �erformance�� grain quality�� and other commercial traits. new methods and a��roaches in breeding o�en new �ros�ects. They include the doubled ha�loid (DH� method�� allowing homozygotes to be obtained from early hybrid generations; and DnA technologies�� which �ermit genetically reasonable selection of PHSr and Fn donors�� �yramiding of desirable alleles�� and efficient selection of desired offs�ring using closely lin�ed molecular mar�ers.Key words�� al�ha amylase; �reharvest s�routing resistance; falling number; molecular mar�ers.Число падения (Ч�� отражает уровен�� активности ал��фа-амилазы в зерне/муке и является международным стандартом ка�ества зерна. Чем ниже Ч��� тем ниже ка�ество зерна и его цена. Главные при�ины снижения Ч� -видимое или скрытое преду�оро�ное прорастание (��� в условиях не�лагоприятной погоды. Реша�щу� рол�� в полу�ении ста�ил��но высокого Ч� играет селекция на устой�ивост�� к преду�оро�ному прорастани� (ук����� а также непосредственно на Ч�. В последние десятилетия достигнут �ол��шой прогресс в понимании �иохими�еских и молекулярных процессов�� происходящих при ��; изу�ении генети�еского контроля ук�� и Ч��� в разра�отке методов селекции на ук�� и Ч�. В России селекция на эти признаки и соответству�щие теорети�еские исследования еще не полу�или должного развития и отражения в литературе. �оказаны генети�еская сложност�� и контекст-зависимост�� признаков ук�� и Ч�. Специфика селекции на высокий уровен�� ук�� и Ч� вкл��ает удаление LMA-генотипов (LMA�� late maturity α-amylase� при под�оре родителей для скрещивания и в ранних поколениях ги�ридов�� вы�ор генети�ески разли�ных доноров целевых признаков�� методы оценки сортов и линий на ук�� и Ч� в разных условиях в...