The article is devoted to topical issues of research on the fire hazard of composite materials in particular the materials based on the aramid fibers. Preliminary analysis of possible areas of their application showed the need for conducting hazard studies. For fire-resistant fabrics considering the operating conditions, research and test methods were justified and selected to determine and evaluate the indicators of flammability, smoke-generating ability, toxicity of combustion products, specific emission of some toxic gases and oxygen consumption, burnout rate. For this purpose, both standard methods and a separate experimental method of complex testing were used. Based on the results of these studies, the new experimental data were obtained, which indicate the fireproof properties of composite materials and fabrics based on the aramid fibers. So, for example, the tested samples belong to the groups (classes) of materials D1 (with low smoke-forming ability), T1 (low-hazardous) in terms of toxicity of combustion products, B1 (hard to ignite) in terms of flammability. The experimental fire hazard data analyzed in the work allow to draw conclusions about the possibility of using the tested composite materials based on the aramid fibers with virtually no restrictions. This is especially true for air support structures of various functional purposes.
The issues of construction of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials (DFPCM) structure, its description using the theory of lattices, packages and generalized parameters and their relationship with the inflammability of polymer floor coatings on a noncombustible base under the influence of a heat flux of various density are considered.For the first time, the fundamental dependences of the critical surface heat flux density (CSHFD) of DFPCM bulk floors based on epoxy and polyurethane matrices and inert filler (silicon dioxide) on the generalized structure parameters and lattice parameters have been established.The parameters of structure and composition of DFPCMs to obtain a liquid polymer bulk floors by traditional technology have been determined. These DFPCMs have inflammability not higher than B2, so they are moderately flammable, i.e. non-flammable when exposed to heat flux under test conditions according to GOST 30402-96, which corresponds to a CSHFD value not lower than 20 kWt/m2.
Fiber cement finishing materials are widely used in the construction of industrial buildings and structures due to the complex of valuable operational properties. In the Russian market there are fiber-cement panels with a variety of design solutions for their coloring and application of protective coatings. Fiber cement board is a strong and moisture-resistant composite material made from a cement-sand mixture, reinforcing cellulose fibers and special additives. Not being a non-combustible material, the fiber cement boards in accordance with the current mandatory requirements, as a decorative, finishing and facing material for walls and ceilings have restrictions on their use. Existing domestic requirements regarding the methodology for assessing the combustibility of fiber cement products largely narrow the field of using these materials. Therefore, it is advisable to develop the proposals for amending the test methods and the regulatory framework governing their fire-safe extended scope. In the course of this work execution, the main provisions of the regulatory and methodological framework that establish the requirements for the fire-safe use of fiber cement materials are analyzed. Experimental complex studies of fire hazard properties of various types of samples of the fiber cement finishing panels and slabs were carried out. It is established that fiber-cement materials belong to the class of the least fire-hazardous materials. Advisability is determined concerning the introduction to the national regulatory practice of GOST R «Building materials. Test method for fire hazard under thermal exposure with a single burner (SBI)». Classification parameters of the group of non-combustible materials NG2 were established to amend GOST R 57270—2016 (method 1). Classification parameters of the group of non-combustible materials NG2 for making changes in GOST R 57270—2016 (method 1) are established. Proposals were developed to expand the scope of application of the materials and products made of fiber cement as enclosing structures, partitions, and decorative finishes (cladding) in the buildings and structures.
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