The current research studies the problems connected with interrelation between religiosity and intergroup hostility (or prejudice). We hypothesized and verified the connection between identification with religious group and ethno-national attitudes. Diagnostic methods measuring in-group religious identification, ethno-national attitudes, subjective categories of social consolidation and agreement with patriotic ideologems (by C.W. Leach, E. R. Agadullina, A.V. Lovakov, L. M. Drobizheva, O.E. Khukhlaev, N.V. Tkachenko, I.M. Kuznetsov, V.D. Shapiro) were used on the sample of 1032 participants (ages from 17 to 22 years), belonging to one of three religions: Buddhism (Kalmyks), Islam (Chechens) or Orthodoxy (Russians). The regression analysis provided statistically significant connections (p<0.05) of in-group religious identification and patriotic ethno-national attitudes of young people, regardless of their religion. Moreover among Russian Buddhist, Muslim and Orthodox youths the identification with the religious group is not revealed as a predictor of intergroup hostility. The study results extend the scientific understanding of the relationship between religious identity and intergroup relations.
The article presents the first part of the analytical review, which in general includes 14 foreign empirical models of intercultural competences and psychodiagnostic techniques, developed on their basis, which in foreign psychology have been tested for reliability and validity. Nine approaches to intercultural competences have been analyzed and the results of these researches are presented. The article describes the structure of subject-oriented, i.e. focused solely on the assessment of intercultural traits, intercultural relations and worldview, or intercultural possibilities, and mixed models, i.e. combining character traits, worldviews and opportunities.
The article is the second analytical review about foreign empirical models of intercultural competence and psychodiagnostic methods developed on their basis, which have been tested for reliability and validity in foreign psychology. Here the analysis is presented of five approaches to intercultural competence and the results of its research. This article also describes the structure of subject-oriented, i.e. focused dominantly on the assessment of intercultural traits, or intercultural relations and worldviews, or intercultural possibilities, and mixed models, i.e. combined character traits, worldviews and possibilities. It is emphasized that the complexity of mixed models makes it possible to consider individual components of cross-cultural competence not as independent predictors of the effectiveness of cross-cultural efficiency, but in their relationship. This raises the question of the ratio of these components, their mutual conditionality and impact on each other and on intercultural competence in general, which has not yet been properly answered in science and whose resolution represents a promising direction for future research in this area.
The study focused on analyzing the impact of ethnic and national identity on the ethnonational attitudes among young people living in the North Caucasus. The study involved students residing in the Chechen Republic (214 subjects aged 16—19 years (mean 17.8), girls — 97, boys — 117). We used: 1) Ethnonational attitudes scale; 2) Technique for studying expression of ethnic and national identity; 3) Interethnic Attitudes questionnaire; 4) General Social Attitudes Scale by E.Frenkel-Brunswik. The outcomes of the research indicate that national identity is a weak predictor of ethnonational attitudes. It is associated with ethnic identity, but does not play any significant role in the formation of interethnic relationships. However, ethnic identity does shape the feeling of pride and other positive feelings that one has about his/her own “nationality”. To a lesser extent, but still statistically significant, subjective importance of one’s ethnicity is associated with hostility towards other nationalities and with negative assessment of social equality and cultural diversity.
The article describes the development and testing of the SJT-ICC situational judgment test designed to measure intercultural competence of a teacher in the form of behavioral preferences in the professional field of interaction with students and their parents. This approach makes it possible to assess behavioral aspects of intercultural competence in a particular professional area more effectively than survey methods. The SJT-ICC consists of 18 cases from pedagogical practice and four possible behavioral options for the teachers, from which the subject must choose the most appropriate one. These situations were prepared on the basis of qualitative research in the format of in-depth interviews centered around difficult, critical situations that a teacher encounters when working with children and par¬ents from other cultures (n=53). The assessment of the intercultural competence of the answer options was made on the basis of an expert survey of 23 special-ists.1367 teachers took part in the research to validate and check the consisten¬cy of the SJT-ICC. The outcome of the categorical principal component analysis (CatPCA) was a one-scale structure of the SJT-ICC which was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The relationship between the results of the SJT-ICC and the scales used for validation is predictable: intercultural competence is associated with indicators of professional success of a teacher working with students of other cultures. It is concluded that the SJT-ICC can be effectively used to assess the prerequisites for intercultural success among Russian teachers.
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