Certain aspects of puberal development and reproductive performance in Clun Forest ewe lambs with a wide range of birth dates were investigated during the two seasons 1969-71. Of 33 ewe lambs born in the spring of 1969, 26 exhibited their first oestrus at a mean date of 8 November 1969 + 2-5 days, the mean age being 228-3 ± 2-4 days and the mean body weight 36-3 ± 0-9 kg. The lambs which failed to breed in their first year, together with lambs born in the autumn of 1969, attained puberty during the autumn of 1970. Twenty-three ewe lambs carried foetuses to term in the spring of 1970 and had a mean lambing rate of 113-0 + 7 %. Of 84 ewe lambs born in the spring of 1970, 73 attained puberty in the first year of life at a mean date of 11 November 1970 + 2-7 days, the mean age being 223-7 ± 3-0 days and the mean body weight 32-2 ± 0-5 kg. Cyclic activity of ewe lambs born in 1970 was recorded throughout their first breeding season. They experienced their last oestrus of the season at a mean date of 24 January 1971 + 2-2 days, the mean age being 296-9 ±3-9 days and the mean body weight 32-4 ±0-6 kg. The mid-breeding season was 18 December 1970, coinciding with the shortest days, and the mean number of heats exhibited throughout the season was 5-15 ±0-24 per lamb.Marked individual variation existed in age and body weight at puberty and in breeding activity, largely due to differences in date of birth and growth rate during rearing. Ewe lambs born early tended to experience their first oestrus earlier in the season than late born lambs but they did so at a higher age and heavier body weight. Fast growth rate and earliness of puberty were associated with extended duration and enhanced regularity of cyclic activity. Time of birth was clearly of fundamental importance in relation to the onset and duration of breeding activity in the ewe lambs included in the present study.Adult rams of three breeds were found to vary consistently in the proportion of ewe lambs which they detected in oestrus, rams of the lambs' own breed being most efficient.

The short-tailed sheep, native of an area stretching from Russia to Iceland, are generally considered a primitive type. These robust northern sheep seem to have been spread by Norse vikings to several countries in this area from the late eighth century to the middle of the eleventh century AD. They have several common characteristics in addition to the fluke-shaped and tapered short tail, such as a wide range of colour patterns, dual-coated wool and the ability to thrive under harsh environmental conditions, often in isolated marginal areas. While 34 short-tailed breeds of North European origin can still be identified, it is clear that their population sizes have declined in most cases and several of them are now rare and endangered. Although these breeds have mainly been confined to certain localities, some of them have gained considerable distribution due to their genetic merits, such as prolificacy. Of these, the Finnsheep and the Romanov are best known being exported to several countries in the world where their genetic material has been utilized through crossbreeding with local sheep. This has resulted in the production of some new synthetic breeds. Meat is now generally the main product of the North European short-tailed breeds and their crossbreds, whereas wool, skins and milk are normally regarded as byproducts, yet of considerable economic importance in some cases. Such breeds have clearly a role to play in sustainable grassland-based production systems in the future.

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SUMMARYFifty Clun Forest ewe lambs with uniform birth dates were randomly stratified into two groups (A and B) of 25 each according to date of birth and body weight at 23 August 1971. On 26 August Group A (control) was joined with rams whilst Group B remained completely isolated from any contact with rams until 18 October.The sudden introduction of rams to ewe lambs in the transition from non-breeding to breeding activity resulted in a high degree of synchronization of first matings in Group B. However, it did not affect the mean date of onset of oestrous activity.