The article presents data about influence of seasonal factors on immune reactivity in carp scaly, carp framey, and carp. We studied the blood that was taken from the heart of fish in different seasons: spring (May), summer (August) and autumn (October). The research was carried out at the Lviv department of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Science, Velykyj Ljubin in three groups of two-year-old fish. The received data give reason to think that the number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of carp fish and their functional activity to a large extent depends on the influence of seasonal factors (temperature of the medium, oxygen concentration, duration of light day). This is points to the probable increase in the number of T-lymphocytes (common, active, theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant) and a decrease in B-lymphocytes in the blood of investigated fish in the summer and, especially in the autumn period of research. In this case, an increase in the functional activity of T-lymphocytes was revealed due to the redistribution of the receptor apparatus of the immunocompetent cells. In particular, a reduction in the number of blood of inactive T-lymphocytes in functionally and an increase in cells with low and medium receptor density. Regarding the degree of differentiation of B-lymphocytes, the decrease in their amount in the blood of the studied individuals occurred due to the increase of “zero” and low-conductivity EAS-RUL and reduction of the subpopulation with average receptor density. We suggested that the abiotic factors can modulate the immune response of carp fish.
There are a number of springs on the territory of Lviv, water from which is used by the city residents. It should be noted that natural resources cannot be systematically used by the population for drinking purposes, as they are not sources of centralized water supply and, accordingly, do not have service personnel. No sanitary protection zones have been established for such sources, within which economic activities are prohibited. In this regard, the quality of water from such natural sources has unstable indicators, which depend on many factors of man-made and natural factors (sanitary-chemical and sanitary-microbiological indicators can sometimes fluctuate within one week), which makes it unfit for human consumption and can lead to acute intestinal infections of bacterial and viral etiology, a number of infectious diseases. The article considers the current ecological, microbiological state of natural sources of the city of Lviv. The necessity, and hence the relevance of the analysis and detailed microbiological assessment of water quality of springs in the city of Lviv, namely: springs № 1 in the park "Zalizna Voda" (Lviv, Ternopilska Street); springs № 2 in the park "Zalizna Voda" (Lviv, Myshuhy Street); springs № 3 in Stryiskyi Park (Lviv, Stryiska Street). A sociological survey of city residents on the use and consumption of water from the studied sources was conducted. The results of the analysis were compared with the list of maximum concentration limits of harmful substances in water bodies in accordance with the order № 400 from 12.05.2010 on approval of State sanitary norms and rules “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption” (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10).
усі періоди досліджень у крові сазанів і рамчастих коропів, порівняно з лускатими, встановлено значно вищу глутатіонпероксидазну і нижчу каталазну активність (���,����,���). Водночас зафіксо ва-���,����,���). Водночас зафіксова-��,����,���). Водночас зафіксова-но вищу (���,��) супероксиддисмутазну активність у крові рамчастих коропів порівняно з лускатими у весняний період і нижчу (���,��) -у сазанів в осінній період досліджень.Отже
It is known that today recreation and tourism is one of the most profitable businesses in the world. This sector has recently become increasingly important in the structure of national economies and is developing very rapidly, in countries that give priority to the development of recreation and tourism. This service sector is growing much faster, becoming not only an increasingly important part of national economies, but also the most important filler of the state treasury. In the Lviv region, significant natural and cultural-historical resources in combination with a favorable geographical location have created favorable conditions for the priority of tourism and recreation. In the structure of the natural tourist potential of the region, the Busk district occupies a prominent place, which has a unique geographical location, significant natural resources, rich in historical and cultural monuments. The aim of the research was to show the possibilities of Busk district of Lviv region as a region of ecological and local lore tourism on the basis of the accepted principles of recreational tourism in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to explore the historical-cultural, natural-geographical and tourist-recreational resources of the district; show the state and prospects of development of ecological and tourist resources of Busk district of Lviv region. The results of the analysis of the current state of natural, cultural-historical and recreational-tourist resources of the Busk district of the Lviv region are given, and also the state of the material and technical base of the recreational-tourist sphere in this district is analyzed. In addition, the existing negative tendencies of functioning of this sphere are considered and the ways of the decision of problems of development of recreational and tourist activity in area are allocated. The main directions of development of tourist and recreational potential of Busk district are determined, which should be based on the ideas of natural-historical recreation, observance of ecological standards on environmental cleanliness, preservation of natural-territorial structures and monuments of historical and cultural heritage.
Reservoirs and ponds belong to specific objects of water resources. Most reservoirs and ponds are of anthropogenic origin. They are of special importance for the Lviv region due to its terrestrial properties. In modern conditions, the importance of reservoirs and ponds is growing significantly. This is due to the fact that in many areas they form nuclei around which recreational complexes are formed. Reservoirs and ponds play an important role in the health and recreation of people. They are created by man to regulate runoff for commercial use of surface waters. The use of artificial reservoirs – reservoirs and ponds is carried out mainly depending on the water content and economic specialization of the regions. Therefore, it is very important to determine the quality of water in the ponds of Lviv region to establish ways of its further use. Recently, the problem of water enrichment with nutrients due to anthropogenic activity, which contributes to the growth of bioproducts of algae and other mass forms of aquatic organisms, has become especially acute. The article considers the rates of Lviv district of Krotoshyn village (№ 1, № 2) and Zhyrivka village (№ 3). The aim of the work was to determine the qualitative assessment of pond waters of Lviv region and the study of phytoplankton biomass and to determine the prospects for its use. The experimental part of the research was performed in the production laboratory at vul. Stryjska, 18a. The material for the research was water samples. The results of the analysis were compared with the list of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in water bodies in accordance with Order № 400 of 12.05.2010 on approval of State Sanitary Norms and Rules “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption” DSanPiN 2.2. 4-171-10). According to research, the water in the pond in the village of Zhyrivka turned out to be very dirty. Dirty water was in pond № 2 in the village of Krotoshin and polluted in the same village in pond № 1. The water in the ponds in the village of Krotoshin was pure in color. The water in the pond in the village of Zhyrivka was polluted, green and yellow. The highest pH level with a value of 8.8 was in the water pond in the village of Zhirivka, although it should be noted that this figure was quite high in the other two studied ponds. The lowest concentration of oxygen was in the pond in the village of Zhyrivka, the phosphate content was normal only in the water of the pond № 1 in the village of Krotoshyn. The largest amount of phytoplankton biomass was found in the village of Zhyrivka (pond № 3), which indicates pollution and “blooming” of the reservoir. This biomass can be used directly as an effective organo-mineral fertilizer.
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