SUMMARY:Anthropometric measurements such as cranial and facial forms provide essential information that can be used added provide in orofacial surgery and in diagnostic comprehension between patient and normal populations. There is no published literature about the types of head and face shapes in Fulani, Tangale and Tera ethnic groups of Nigeria. Hence, this study was undertaken to document the various cranial and facial forms of these ethnic groups residing in Gombe region of North-Eastern Nigeria. Head length, head width, head circumference, face length and face width were measured and the cephalic and prosopic indices calculated in a total of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females). Results analyzed placed all males of the three ethnic groups in dolicocephalic head group with mean cephalic indices lower than 74.9, while all females to mesocephalic head group with mean cephalic indices between the range of 75-79.9. On the basis of face shapes, The Fulani and Tera males were found to belong to hyperleptoprosopic group, while the Tangale and Tera females to leptoprosopic group with prosopic indices over 95 and between the ranges of 90-94.9, respectively. Therefore, the findings revealed that all males and females of the three ethnic groups share close similarities in head types and some variations in face types. Furthermore, variation of head and face shapes from this study exists with those of other studies within and outside Nigeria.

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The study of sexual dimorphism is important clinically, in forensic anthropology and craniometry. Therefore this study was design to identify the sexual dimorphisms in cranial dimensions among three ethnic groups of NorthEastern Nigeria and to compare this study with other similar studies. Cranial length, width, height and circumference in Fulani, Tangale and Tera ethnic groups were linearly measured in a total of 300 (150 males and 150 females) 18-40 years old subjects. The result showed that all cranial dimensions among the three ethnic groups are higher in males than in females, except cranial width which is higher in Fulani (138.7±10.4mm) than in their male counterparts (136.8±10.6mm). The most prominent difference in cranial dimensions between the males and females among the three ethnic groups is in cranial length where males values are significantly higher than females values (p<0.005). Interestingly, the values of cranial width were found to fluctuate between males and females. Therefore, the findings from this study revealed that sexual dimorphism exists between Fulanis, Tangales and Teras of Gombe and based on comparison with other studies we postulate that the effect of gender on cranial width is not consistent. Furthermore, the study confirms the effect of ethnic and geographic difference on cranial dimensions.

Методом реактивного высокочастотного магнетронного распыления были получены тонкие пленки оксида олова. Было показано, что они обладают газочувствительностью к парам этанола при 38• C. Измерения морфологии и внутренней структуры скола образцов методами атомно-силовой и сканиру-ющей электронной микроскопии позволили установить, что пленки состоят из наноразмерных зерен стержневидной формы, ориентированных перпен-дикулярно подложке. Зерна разделены порами, пронизывающими пленку на всю толщину. Было установлено, что распределение зерен по их диаметру является нормальным логарифмическим и имеет несколько центров, которые соотносятся как малые целые числа, что свидетельствует о срастании зерен между собой. Минимальный размер зерна в 6 nm может соответствовать критическому размеру зародыша при выбранных условиях осаждения пленок.