The aim of the work was to study peculiarities of the course of infectious bovine pneumoenteritis and the efficiency of the introduction of different approaches to its control and prevention. Clinical-epizootological, serological and microbiological methods have been used in the work. To prevent viral pneumoenteritis, 83.4% of farms use vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotrachetis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza 3, and respiratory syncytial infection in form of combined preparation, 80% of which included live attenuated viral strains. Against the background of a high level of humoral immune response, animals were found to have viral antigens of bovine rhinotrachetis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza 3 and respiratory syncytial infection, regardless of whether they used specific prophylaxis or not. The only differences were in the clinical manifestation and incidence rate in animals. Prolonged use of specific prophylactic agents, which include live attenuated viral strains, in contrast to inactivated preparation, led to the aggravation of the epizootic situation on farms by bacterial infections. Based on the results of the conducted studies, the incidence rate of pneumoenteritis in animals on farms, where specific prophylactic agents are used, was found not to exceed 15%, the mortality rate due to these diseases was 6% whereas on farms where the specific prophylaxis was not introduced, these values were at the level of 50–80% and 25–40% respectively. Prolonged use of combined vaccines, which include live attenuated viral strains, against the background of the improvement of the epizootic situation on bovine rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza 3 and respiratory syncytial infection, lead to the aggravation of the epizootic situation by bacterial infections. Use of preparation containing inactivated viral strains relevant to Ukraine can ensure sustainable well-being regarding bovine pneumoenteritis
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 disease, was mainly described as a something extraordinary in media discourse. Its “unusual,” almost “mystical” properties have been constantly invented by world media sources since January 2020 thus far. Critical comparison of the real epidemiological, physical, chemical and biological properties of SARS-CoV-2 with most common causative agents of coronavirus family demonstrates that principles and techniques of laboratory diagnostics and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 should be built only on the basis of evidence-based medicine, not on imaginary properties of the virus that were created with ideological purposes.
Biological properties of field isolates of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine foamy virus on homological cell cultures (fetal bovine lung and bovine coronary artery endothelial cells) were investigated. Pathogens of bovine slow infections, namely bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine foamy virus, are able to integrate into cell cultures of homologous to cattle type, which is confirmed by the results of PCR. There has been determined the presence of genetic material of pathogens of bovine immunodeficiency (BIV) and spumavirus infection (BFV) in the cultivation of lymphocytes of field isolates in the culture of bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC) at the level of 5th passage, and in the cell culture of fetal bovine lung (FBL) — at the level of 10th passage. In the process of integration of pathogens of immunodeficiency and spumavirus infection of cattle in continuous cell cultures FBL and BCAEC, morphological changes in the state of the monolayer by the principle of syncytiation and vacuolation are observed
The purpose of the work was to carry out comparative analysis of the positive and negative on leukemia cattle blood sera in ELISA kits of different constructions. Research was carried out using “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit, in which the reaction had been performed in the indirect ELISA, and “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit in a competitive format. There were used 15 cattle blood sera for testing, in which antibodies to BLV were confirmed in the ID and the ELISA “Bovine leukemia virus antibody test kit” (IDEXX), as well as 10 positive cattle blood sera confirmed in ID, 10 weak positive sera tested in ID and 10 sera with a weak line of precipitate in ID, 34 negative for leukemia blood sera tested in ID, from which 24 were also tested in the ELISA “Bovine leukemia virus antibody test kit”. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit and “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit determined positive 25 blood sera with antibodies to BLV, which were positive in ID, and 15 samples were also confirmed in IDEXX test kit. When analyzing 10 sera, that were weak positive in ID, the “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 8 sera as positive and 2 samples as negative. The “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit detected specific antibodies to all sera. When analyzing 14 sera with a weak precipitate line in ID, the “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 9 samples as positive and 5 as negative. The “ID Screen® BLV Competition” determined specific antibodies in 11 samples When analyzing 3 sera, the test result was negative in both ELISA kits. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined as negative all 34 sera, which were negative in ID, 24 samples from them were negative in IDEXX test kit. In the “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit 5 false positive results were received. Studies have shown that both test kits have a high diagnostic capacity and detect antibodies to BLV at different concentrations in all positive sera. The “DIA®-BLV-Ab” kit determined 34 sera as negative, in which specific antibodies were absent, and the “ID Screen® BLV Competition” kit identified 5 samples with a false positive result
Isolation of the virus from biological material from a two-month-old calf with pathology of the respiratory system from a herd with a morbidity rate of 48% was performed. After detection the presence of IRT antigens in the lungs of the dead animal, the pathogen was isolated on a continuous culture of calf kidney cells, where a characteristic cytopathic effect was observed. The genetic material of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (Bovine herpesvirus-1, BHV-1) was identified by polymerase chain reaction in the test sample. The virus isolate was adapted to continuous cell cultures of calf kidneys, sheep kidney, cow embryo lung and calf trachea, and the most suitable biological system was determined, where adsorption and reproductive properties of the virus were more pronounced. It was found that the highest titer of infectious activity of BHV-1 isolate (6.1 lg TCD50/cm3) was obtained on continuous culture of lung embryonic cells of a cow embryo after its reproduction during three consecutive passages (observation period)
Purpose. To enlight the life and creative path of a prominent scientist in the field of plant genetics and selection Academician O.O. Sozinov, to summarize his scientific initiatives, achievements in the development of agricultural research in Ukraine. Methods. General scientific-analysis, synthesis, classification; historical-problem-chronological, comparatively historical, retrospective, biographical. Results. The contribution of the scientist to the formation of leading sectoral scientific institutions and organizations-the Selection and Genetic Institute-NSC of Seed Science and Variety Research of NAAS, Institute of General Genetics named after M.I. Vavylov, VASGNIL, NAAS, and others. The role of O.O. Sozinov's scientific school in the development of the basics of plant biochemical and molecular genetics is shown. Conclusions. The scientific heritage of the scientist has been systematized in the following fields: genetics and selection, biology and morphology, anatomy and cytology of plants, agro phytocoenoses, agrobiotechnology, ecological problems of agriculture, seed production, problems of genomics.
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