Pulmonary artery dissection was observed in a 64-yr-old female patient with severe pulmonary hypertension, which was probably primary (pulmonary vascular resistance, 817 dyn.s.cm-5; normal range less than or equal to 200 dyn.s.cm-5). The patient was admitted to the hospital because of severe dyspnea on exertion. Echocardiography demonstrated a dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Right heart catheterization revealed severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure, 64 mm Hg; normal range, 10 to 22 mm Hg); dissection of the pulmonary artery was confirmed by pulmonary arteriography. One-year follow-up was uneventful. In the literature, 28 patients with dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery are reviewed. The dissection has only been diagnosed in life in one patient (by echocardiography).
Haemodynamic changes after intracoronary air embolism (0,02 ml/kg air in the left coronary artery) were studied in 16 dogs. The air was introduced in 8 animals during cardiopulmonary bypass and in 8 animals without bypass. In both groups the air embolization caused acute ischemia with myocardial necrosis. Immediately after the injection the anterior wall became akinetic; 24 hours after injection CPK increased to more than 800 U. One half of the animals without cardiopulmonary bypass died during acute ischemia due to refractory arrhythmias; there was no mortality in the group with cardiopulmonary bypass. The left ventricular damage due to air embolization cannot be significantly reduced with cardiopulmonary bypass; the bypass only helps to "tide over" the animal during the period of acute ischemia.
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