Studies on the genotypic structure of the Altai white down breed by BLG, IGF-1, and CSN3 genes are presented. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood of 113 animals using the Amplie Prime DNA-Sorb-B clinical extraction kit. Molecular genetic reactions were performed on a C1000 BioRad amplifier. Visualization and identification of the results were determined by flatbed electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel using the E-BoxCX5.TS-20.M gel-documentation system (France) in transmitted ultraviolet light. As a result, the frequency of genotypes and alleles was established as follows: BLGS1S1 – 17,7%, BLGS1S2 – 57,5, BLGS2S2 – 24, respectively; BLGS1 – 0,46; BLGS2 – 0,54; IGFAA – 2,7; IGFAB – 28,3 и IGFBB – 69,0%. The allele frequencies are IGFA – 0,17 and IGFB – 0,83. The CSN3 gene in Altai white down goats was monomorphic for the CSN3А allele. Analysis of the actual and theoretical distribution of BLG and IGF1 genotypes of goat genes indicates a genetic equilibrium in the flock. The down productivity of the studied animals is fleece - 680 g, down fineness -19.13 microns, and down length - 9.29 cm. Goats with the IGFAB genotype have more wool than the homozygotic IGFAA genotype. The fat content of the milk ranges from 6.03-6.24%, the protein content is 3.48-3.72%, and the lactose content is 4.56-4.90%. The study of milk quality indicators of Altai white down goats with different genotypes of BLG, IGF, and CSN3 revealed no significant differences. However, goats tend to increase milk fat and caloric content with the IGFAA genotype - 7.62. The studied goats of the Altai white down breed had a high equilibrium of indicators by live weight, length of down, down content in percentage, and down fineness - Cv˂10%.
Г.М. Гончаренко, доктор биологических наук 2 Т.Б. Каргачакова, старший научный сотрудник 1 Н.Б. Гришина, кандидат биологических наук 1 Т.С. Хорошилова, научный сотрудник 1 О.Л. Халина, младший научный сотрудник 1 Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий РАН, Новосибирск, Россия 2 Горно-алтайский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства-филиал ФГБНУ Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий, п. Майма, Россия
The research was conducted in the fi eld of dairy cattle breeding with the use of genetic markers (SNPs) in order to study their relationship with the period of economic use of cows and their productivity. The object of the study was 186 cows of Simmental breed from the farm situated in Novosibirsk region. To study cows’ productivity (milk yield, fat, protein, the number of lactations) the data of zootechnical records was used. Molecular genetic research and statistical processing of experimental results were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The paper presents the results of the herd assessment by polymorphism of CSN3, PRL, BLG, TNF-α-824 genes, whose genotype frequency corresponds to a particular breed. Gene balance is not disturbed (χ2 = 0.147– 2,306). Homo and heterozygosity are approximately in the same ratio, except for the homozygosity of the gene PRL (0,736). Genotypes of cows desirable for productive longevity were identifi ed: BLGBB, PRLAA, PRLAB, TNF-αGG, whose number in the third lactation was over 70% in relation to the fi rst. The highest productive longevity was observed in animals with genotypes BLGBB and PRLAA, where 9.0% and 8.3% of their number, respectively, had a fourth lactation. Genotype BLGAA can be referred to as a desirable genotype for milk productivity. The difference from carriers of genotype BLGBB was 624 kg (p < 0.01). In the gene TNF-α, a higher yield in the second lactation at 787.3 kg was observed in cows with genotype TNFAA, compared to genotype TNF-αGG (p < 0.01). The same animals were found to have an increased content of fat in milk by 0.07% and protein by 0.05% (p < 0.01).
The results of studies on productivity and genotypic structure of cows of the leading lines of Sibiryachka cattle breed, associative links of CSN3, BLG, LALBA, LEP genotypes with economically important traits are presented. Comparative evaluation showed that Reflection Sovering bull cows had the highest milk yield of 6851 kg, fat content of 4.05% and protein content of 3.15%. The Siberian bull lines Frank 937, Uragan 27 and Kursa 1949 which are being shaped are inferior to them in milk yield, fat and protein content with values of 5246-5504 kg, 3.92-3.94%; 3.10-3.12% respectively. The genotypic structure of the herd and the leading lines is identified. The Vis Back Aydiala bull line is characterized by a higher frequency of CSN3AA and LEPTT genotypes by 18.2 and 11.0%, in comparison with the Reflection Sovering line. For other genotypes, the differences do not reach the confidence threshold. The average level of homozygosity for the genes studied varies from 51.2% to 73.4%. The highest homozygosity was found for the CSN3 gene in the Vis Back Aydiala line at 79.6%. The number of effectively acting alleles is 1.66-1.72; the degree of genetic variability is 40.2-42.7%. The cows with CSN3AB genotype had 544.0 kg higher milk yield than homozygous animals for the A allele (p <0.05). The highest milk yield was observed in BLGAA animals - 6790.1 kg, which is 947.2 kg higher than in cows with the alternative BLGВВ genotype (p < 0.01). Animals with the LEPCC genotype outperformed LEPTT cows in milk yield by 718.7 kg. No priority genotypes were identified for the LALBA gene. Also, no connection has been established between genotypes and the quality indicators of milk.
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