Papain is an enzyme having proteolytic function with cysteine protease activity obtain from papaya having green color and is acquired from latex. It is classified in superfamily. Papain has function essential of proteolysis widely for peptides of amino acid in all living beings. Present review shed light on general properties, structuring features and biological importance of papain, especially its industrial applications for different purposes, which includes food, Pharmaceuticals, Breweries, leather, meat, detergent and other fields, with the help of technological advancement; it is now used to treat lethal diseases and additionally scientist’s are taking benefit of it for drug designing so there are high demands for its export. Papain uncommon properties have been making it more appreciable commercially. Papaya is present or grows in all tropical areas as there are no seasonal limitations for its growth and papain is resistant over wide range of Ph and temperature, so it has high demand for export and there is good prospect of papain marketing. Farmers at lower levels could use this enzyme as high source of income. Through recombinant DNA technology, engineering of proteins and procedures of immobilization papain could be ideal for biotechnological and industrial applications. Researchers could explore more potent applications by understanding detail mechanism and functions of papain. Then there will be novel papain function that would fulfill the massive need for betterment of life.
The key factor for sustainable development is the integration of sensitive methods for early detection of environmental risk factors for nutritional health with efficient primary prevention against contamination of the food chains as well as deficiency of biologically active trace elements in the human diet. Proper algorithms of laser photostimulation are recommended both for more efficient biological treatment of wastewater and also for a proper amount of essential elements in cultivated plants supplemented by other modern biotechnology for multiplication e.g. vegetables. Laser biotechnology is also recommended for better reclamation followed by enhancement of biomass and bioenergy production in different regions of the world as a contribution to sustainable development and the creation of many green jobs. This eco-innovation supplemented with the complementary biotechnologies e.g. reclamation of semiarid areas, modern apiculture integrated with the cultivation of medical plants, cultivation of algae, aquaculture, energy plantations, reforestation and protection of biodiversity could contribute to better adaptation to climate change and situation connected with COVID-19 pandemic and risk of worsening human health, malnutrition, and hunger.
Some of the sulfide compounds were converted to sulfoxides by the action of a 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide on the acid catalyst of a molecule of bicyclic sulfide organic compounds in the paraffin distillate of the oil. The resulting sulfoxides were treated with 70% sulfuric acid and sulfate compounds of sulfoxides were obtained. In order to confirm the composition and structure of these compounds, chemical reactions of the corresponding sulfoxides on the basis of benzothiophene derivatives were carried out.
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