The purpose of research - the study of clinical and pathogenetical features of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CME) in patients with HIV infection for the improvement of the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods. There are presented the results of the study of 67 cases of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in patients with HIV infection. There was performed an assessment of the clinical picture and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which was consisted of direct microscopy, cultural method and PCR. Also pathomorphological data of deceased patients have been analyzed. Results of the study. The clinical picture of CME was mildly pronounced and not constant. Dominant complaint is constant headache diffuse in character. Meningeal symptoms are uncertain or absent. CSF changes are not specific, most informative methods are PCR and mycological study of CSF. The fatality was causedfirst ofall by the development of edema-brain swelling and the dislocation of stem structures. Conclusion. The clinical picture of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is caused first of all by destructive processes in brain tissue and progression of the development of edema-brain swelling. The clinical picture is poorly pronounced and is not constant, therefore to all patients with HIV infection in the presence of long-term headache the CSF examination is indicated even in the absence of meningeal symptoms.
The course and outcome of edema and swelling of the brain (OSB) essentially depend on many factors, including the feature of the pathogenesis of the disease associated with the factors ofpathogenicity of the causative agent. There was developed the multivariate mathematical analysis of the clinical picture of OSB with the using of an alternative algorithm of the distributions offrequencies of symptoms in differentiated groups of patients with the presence of OSB and without of OSB signs of this complication that permitted to make more accurately diagnose of OSB and judge the effectiveness of the taken therapy. The lack of clinical effect of antibiotic therapy is caused among other things the low bioavailability of the pathogen. BBB is not associated with an HLB so attempts on the base of the measurement of the spinal fluid pressure to detect the presence and severity of OSB have not been scientifically justified. The analysis of CSF indices - lactate, protein, glucose, D-DF, pH level against the background of OSB will allow to avoid unsound replacement of etiotropic drugs
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