Natural gas (methane) forms an essential part of modern power supply. However, natural gas storage and transportation are associated with fire and explosion hazard, which restricts extensive application of natural gas as a fuel. The adsorption technique is among the most promising and safe ways for natural gas storage and transportation, which allows a significant increase in the methane density up to values characteristic of liquids as a result of physical adsorption in microporous adsorbents at moderate pressures. The review considers adsorption systems for natural gas (methane) storage based on metal-organic frameworks, which possess high characteristic energy of adsorption and a regular nanoporous structure with high pore volumes and specific surface areas. The possibility of controlling the porous structure and physicochemical behaviour of metal-organic frameworks during their synthesis and functionalization is analyzed, including the fabrication of composites and shaping, which may enhance their performance in the adsorption storage and transportation of natural gas. The bibliography includes 315 references.

The use of gas fuel has considerable environmental advantages over traditional types of fuel based on petroleum products or fossil coal. The adsorption technology for methane (natural gas) uptake, storage and transportation can serve as a connecting link in gas supply to customers. The review considers characteristics of adsorption systems for methane storage. The key methods used for the synthesis of microporous carbon adsorbents based on various organic and inorganic carbon-containing compounds are described. Methods for increasing the efficiency of methane storage systems based on carbon adsorbents are analyzed. Theoretical approaches to optimization of the properties of methane – carbon adsorbent systems are discussed. The bibliography includes 174 references.

Domestic and foreign literature on methods for obtaining graphene and its derivatives [graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO] as representatives of the family of 2D layered materials is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to GO. Great potential of post-synthetic modification as well as unique properties of the material and its derivatives make them promising for a variety of applications including biomedicine, ecology, optoelectronics, etc. Chemical and physical methods for the reduction of GO to obtain graphene-like materials similar in structure and properties to pure graphene obtained by direct mechanical cleavage are considered. Functionalization strategies of graphene materials are discussed. The preparation of hydro- and organogels as well as Pickering emulsions from graphene derivatives as precursors of porous monoliths are considered. The formation of aerogels based on graphene materials and methane adsorption on these porous structures are discussed. Basic information about hybrid materials containing graphene derivatives and metal-organic frameworks is given and their adsorption characteristics with respect to methane are evaluated. Covalent and noncovalent interactions in graphene – porphyrin hybrids are considered from the standpoint of formation of porphyrin architectures on the surface of graphene materials. Examples of the use of porphyrin – graphene composite materials in photo- and electrocatalysis, fuel cells and gas separation membranes are given. The bibliography includes 243 references.

The experimental data on hydrogen adsorption on five nanoporous activated carbons (ACs) of various origins measured over the temperature range of 303–363 K and pressures up to 20 MPa were compared with the predictions of hydrogen density in the slit-like pores of model carbon structures calculated by the Dubinin theory of volume filling of micropores. The highest amount of adsorbed hydrogen was found for the AC sample (ACS) prepared from a polymer mixture by KOH thermochemical activation, characterized by a biporous structure: 11.0 mmol/g at 16 MPa and 303 K. The greatest volumetric capacity over the entire range of temperature and pressure was demonstrated by the densest carbon adsorbent prepared from silicon carbide. The calculations of hydrogen density in the slit-like model pores revealed that the optimal hydrogen storage depended on the pore size, temperature, and pressure. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of the model structures exceeded the US Department of Energy (DOE) target value of 6.5 wt.% starting from 200 K and 20 MPa, whereas the most efficient carbon adsorbent ACS could achieve 7.5 wt.% only at extremely low temperatures. The initial differential molar isosteric heats of hydrogen adsorption in the studied activated carbons were in the range of 2.8–14 kJ/mol and varied during adsorption in a manner specific for each adsorbent.

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