BackgroundTo investigate whether amoxillin and pefloxacin perturb lipid metabolism.MethodsRats were treated with therapeutic doses of each antibiotic for 5 and 10 days respectively. Twenty four hours after the last antibiotic treatment and 5 days after antibiotic withdrawal, blood and other tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart and spleen) were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their lipid contents.ResultsBoth antibiotics produced various degrees of compartment-specific dyslipidemia in the animals. While plasma and erythrocyte dyslipidemia was characterised by up-regulation of the concentrations of the major lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids), hepatic and renal dyslipidemia was characterised by cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis. Splenic dyslipidemia was characterised by cholesterogenesis and decreased phospholipid levels. Cardiac and brain cholesterol contents were not affected by the antibiotics. A transient phospholipidosis was observed in the brain whereas cardiac phospholipids decreased significantly. Lipoprotein abnormalities were reflected as down-regulation of HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, the two antibiotics increased the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase. Although erythrocyte phospholipidosis was resolved 5 days after withdrawing the antibiotics, dyslipidemia observed in other compartments was still not reversible.ConclusionOur findings suggest that induction of cholesterogenesis and phospholipidosis might represent additional adverse effects of amoxillin and pefloxacin.
BackgroundThis study investigated the effects of salmonella infection and its chemotherapy on lipid metabolism in tissues of rats infected orally with Salmonella typhimurium and treated intraperitoneally with pefloxacin and amoxillin.MethodsAnimals were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain TA 98. After salmonellosis was confirmed, they were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each. While one group served as infected control group, three groups were treated with amoxillin (7.14 mg/kg body weight, 8 hourly) and the remaining three groups with pefloxacin (5.71mg/kg body weight, 12 hourly) for 5 and 10 days respectively. Uninfected control animals received 0.1ml of vehicle. Rats were sacrificed 24h after 5 and 10 days of antibiotic treatment and 5 days after discontinuation of antibiotic treatment. Their corresponding controls were also sacrificed at the same time point. Blood and tissue lipids were then evaluated.ResultsSalmonella infection resulted in dyslipidemia characterised by increased concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma and erythrocyte, as well as enhanced cholesterogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia and phospholipidosis in plasma, low density lipoprotein-very low density lipoprotein (LDL-VLDL), erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghost and the organs. The antibiotics reversed the dyslipidemia but not totally. A significant correlation was observed between fecal bacterial load and plasma cholesterol (r=0.456, p<0.01), plasma triacyglycerols (r=0.485, p<0.01), plasma phospholipid (r=0.414, p<0.05), plasma free fatty acids (r=0.485, p<0.01), liver phospholipid (r=0.459, p<0.01) and brain phospholipid (r=0.343, p<0.05).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that salmonella infection in rats and its therapy with pefloxacin and amoxillin perturb lipid metabolism and this perturbation is characterised by cholesterogenesis.
Objectives: To compare anthropometric measurements of general obesity and central obesity and assess the respective associations with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) comorbidly occurring with hypertension, and also to determine if the association between the anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors varies with gender. Methods: Age and sex matched control subjects (n=150) and patients (n=470) [hypertensive non-diabetics (n=179), normotensive diabetics (n=132), hypertensive diabetics (n=159)] presenting at the Medical OutPatient Clinic of the State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria were recruited. The examination included a fasting blood sample, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood pressure measurements and questionnaires to assess treatment for hypertension and T2DM. Weight, height, umblical circumference (UC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), were measured using standard procedures; body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and other body composition were calculated to assess overweight and obesity. Results: BMI and BF % were significantly increased in all the patients. There was significant difference in gender BMI and BF%. In both controls and patients, BMI and BF% were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in female when compared with their male counterparts. Also UC, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR were significantly higher in patients in both sexes when compared with their control counterparts. WHtR has more significantly positive correlation with hypertension and/or T2DM when compared with all other anthropometric parameters. WHtR was still a slightly better predictor in men, whereas in women, WC was slightly better than others. Conclusions: The association of central and general obesity varied with gender. In addition, the useful anthropometric predictors for known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (T2DM, hypertension and their comorbidity) risk factors were WHR for men, and WC for women.
The growing burden of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nigeria and related cardiovascular complications is becoming a public health concern. Cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated in control subjects (n=150) and patients (n=470) [hypertensive nondiabetics (n=179), normotensive diabetics (n=132), hypertensive diabetics (n=159)] attending at the Medical Out-Patient Clinic of the State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Cholesterol, triacylglycerols and phospholipids were determined spectrophotometrically in plasma, erythrocytes and lipoproteins. The presence of either or both diseases resulted in significant (p<0.05) perturbations in blood lipids of the male and female patients. Dyslipidemia was characterised by increased concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in plasma, erythrocytes, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The increase was more pronounced in hypertensive diabetics. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values of the male and female patients were between 35% to 43% and 37% to 43% respectively lower than their control counterparts, while that of HDL triacylglycerols was between 8% to 10% and 6% to 23% respectively lower than their control counterparts. Plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid content increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the patients when compared with their control counterparts except in the erythrocytes of the normotensive diabetic male, where significant decrease was observed. Our findings suggest that enhanced hypercholesterolemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia and hyperphospholipidemia in plasma and erythrocytes may be responsible for increased cardiovascular complications in the comorbidity since the combined dyslipidemia are more pronounced in comorbidity of hypertension and T2DM than when either of the two conditions occurs in isolation.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2017; 10(2): 45-57
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