Husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) a source of functional food and medicinal compounds, has attracted renewed interest for production in temperate zones. Field-grown husk tomato yield and fruit properties and their relationship with soil chemistry and temperature were studied in the south of West Siberia, Russia, at five experimental sites. At each site, a microplot experiment with two cultivars was conducted. Basic soil chemical properties and fruit pH and dry matter, total carbon, nitrogen, and ascorbic acid content were determined. Both cultivars grew and yielded very well, producing on average 70 fruits, or 1.46 kg, per plant, with 14 mg ascorbic acid per 100 g fresh weight, 9.0% dry matter, and juice pH of 4.1. Variation in environmental conditions among sites was the major factor determining production and fruit property variation, with cultivar biology accounting for 10%. The cultivars responded differently to some soil properties, but generally their yield and fruit quality depended on soil pH and labile phosphorous and potassium. Thus, husk tomato has remarkable capacity for vigorous yields in unprotected conditions in West Siberia, despite air and soil temperatures that are much lower than in its region of origin. Detailed studies are needed to elucidate its response to varying solar radiation and atmospheric precipitation.

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The aim of the study. To carry out a comparative assessment of the magnesium status in soils, situated on the various hypsometric levels of sloped agrolandscape and with different soil organic matter content by measuring total, mobile (exchangeable) and water-soluble magnesium in soils and to compare different analytical methods for determining magnesium in soils and plants. Location and time of the study. The study site was located in the Cis-Salair drained plain in the south-east of West Siberia (55˚02΄20˝N; 83˚50΄00˝E), administratively being within the boundaries of the Toguchin district of the Novosibirsk region, Russia. Altitude increments were marked on the slope positions of the investigated plot of 225 hectares in area and 4 km in length: the upper part of the slope BCI (280-310 m a.s.l. ), the midslope BCII (260-280 m) and BCIII (220-260 m), and the lower slope BCIV (190-220 m) (see figure 1). Soil and plant samples were collected in July 2013. Materials and methods. Prevailing soils were podzolized and leached chernozems, dark-gray and gray-forest soils according to the classification of soils of the USSR (1977), which correspond to clayey-illuvial eluvialed and dark-tongue agrochernozems, agro-dark gray soils and agro-gray soils to according of the Russian soil classification (2004, 2008), or Luvic Greyzemic Chernozems, Haplic Chernozems, Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems, Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems by WRB Soil Classification (2014) (see table 1, figure 1). Individual soil samples (n=55) were taken with a drill from 0-30 cm layer (ploughed horizon) according to an irregular grid. The aboveground phytomass stock of oat-pea mixture (n=38) was collected using the hay cutting method on the ​​0.25 m2 area. The geographical coordinates of the soil and plant sampling sites were determined using the geopositioning system (GPS, Garmin eTrex Vista). The soil samples were analyzed for organic carbon content by dichromate digestion. Overall the studied soils were grouped according to soil organic matter (SOM) content into high-SOM (5-8%) and medium-SOM soils (3-5%). Total magnesium (Mgtot) was measured in dry powdered samples by atomic emission spectrometry; mobile (exchangeable) magnesium was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry using 1 M KCl, 1 M CH3COONH4, 0.1 M C4H4O5(NH4)2 and 0.5 M CH3COOH as extracting solutions. The same extracts were used to measure water-soluble magnesium atomic absorption spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. The content of total magnesium in plants was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using two methods of sample digestion, namely wet ashing in a mixture of sulfuric and perchloric acids and dry ashing followed by quantitative transfer of the digest with 1 M HCl. Magnesium content in soils and plants was presented per element and calculated on the air-dry mass basis. Statistical analyses (descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, calculation of student criterion and Mann-Whitney U-test) were performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Statistica v.6.1. Results. The average content of total magnesium in the slope soils varied from 0.79 to 0.88%. The proportion of mobile magnesium in its total content in soils averaged 3.3-6.0%, whereas that of water-soluble magnesium was 0.06-0.13%. In medium-SOM soils down along the slope the total magnesium content gradually decreased: agrochernozems → agro-dark gray soils → agro-gray soils (see table 2, figure 2). The similar pattern was revealed an earlier for the content of total phosphorus and total potassium in the slope soils. The average content of mobile magnesium in the high-SOM soils on the upper part of the slope (BCI) varied from 3.2 to 4.0 cmol(+)∙kg-1, depending on the extractant used. The medium-SOM soils (BCII-IV) contained 2.2 to 3.2 cmol(+)∙kg-1 of mobile magnesium. Atomic absorption spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis produced very close values water-soluble magnesium content in soils: on average, 0.06-0.08 and 0.04-0.09 cmol(+)∙kg-1, respectively. However, capillary electrophoresis proved to be more sensitive to the decreased content of water-soluble magnesium in the midslope medium-SOM soils. Magnesium content in aboveground phytomass of an oat-pea mixture, collected in the tillering phase of its cereal component, determined by dry ashing, averaged 0.21-0.26%, which corresponded to the optimal level of the element; estimated by wet ashing it was 1.3-1.6 times lower (see table 2). Conclusions. Under the conditions of the sloping agrolandscape of the Cis-Salair in the south-eastern part of West Siberia, high-SOM soils in the upper part of the slope are characterized by higher content of mobile magnesium as compared with the medium-SOM soils mid- and downslope. We believe that for assessing magnesium status of soils it is more expedient to use 1 M KCl or 1 M CH3COONH4 to determine mobile (exchangeable) magnesium. Moreover, these extractants can be used for simultaneous determination of other soil properties, i.e. exchangeable calcium and potassium content, pHsalt, etc.

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Проведена сравнительная оценка информативности вегетационных индексов NDVI, EVI, RVI, CTVI, SAVI, MSAVI2 для цифрового картографирования урожайности яровой пшеницы, выращиваемой на юго-востоке Западной Сибири. С использованием полученных линейных моделей построены прогнозные карты урожайности яровой пшеницы, для которых в качестве индикатора и базовой картографической основы послужили данные пространственного распределения вегетационных индексов, рассчитанных по спутниковому снимку Landsat-8 OLI (разрешение 30 м). Сравнительный анализ карт показал, что результаты картографирования урожайности яровой пшеницы на основе вегетационных индексов NDVI, RVI, CTVI, SAVI, MSAVI2 являются идентичными. Результаты с использованием индекса EVI неудовлетворительные, так как на участке с разреженными посевами значения по урожайности были завышены в два раза. Средние значения вегетационных индексов посевов и урожайность яровой пшеницы на агрочернозёме статистически значимо не отличались от соответствующих показателей на агротёмно-серой почве. Установлены заметные и высокие корреляционные зависимости вегетационных индексов и урожайности яровой пшеницы с предпосевной влажностью и содержанием обменного калия, умеренные корреляционные зависимости-с содержанием гумуса. Недостаточная предпосевная влажность почв являлась лимитирующим фактором в формировании урожая яровой пшеницы и не позволила агрохимическим свойствам почв произвести значительный эффект в увеличении урожайности.

The composition and structure of rhizosphere bacteriobiome of the husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) plants grown on Phaeozem in the open field in West Siberia, Russia (55°15’ NL, 83°31’ EL) were studied using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes. In total 5898 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) were found in the study, representing 20 phyla and 53 identified and 15 non-identified (below the phylum level) classes. The most OTU-rich phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria, their relative abundance in the total number of sequence reads being 26, 22 and 19%, respectively. Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia phyla each accounted for 2 ‒ 4%. The rest 14 of the identified phyla were quite negligible, contributing less than 0.5% each. At the OTUs level, the structure was very even and equitable, as only 7 OTUs had relative abundance ranging from 0.5 to 1.1%. The main dominant OTU represented Bradyrhizobiaceae family, implying the importance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria for plant growth and development without any mineral fertilisation. The dominance biodiversity index was very low (0.001), while Shannon index was rather high (7.5). We believe the presented husk tomato rhizosphere bacteriobiome, as the first study using new generation sequencing platform for this species, will help get a better picture of Solanaceae microbiomes in different environments, thus contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of shaping microbial communities by plant roots.