The article discusses the research methods of indicators of structural and functional reliability for electricity consumers based on a retrospective analysis, which makes it possible to evaluate the causes of under-supply of electricity to consumers and to develop measures to eliminate these causes. The analysis of the reliability of overhead power lines of the power system. The analysis of the causes of failures for 2012–2018 showed that about half of the causes of failures are not established at all, other causes of failures are approximate. The exceptions are the causes of failures due to a malfunction of the relay protection and automation devices, the proportion of which in the total number of failures does not exceed 2–3 %. In order to obtain an objective assessment of the influence of climatic factors on the reliability of the electric power system, a special technique has been developed. This technique allows quantifying the average values of the correlation coefficients between the failure rates of overhead power lines and climatic factors.
The article presents the results of the study of non-sinusoidal voltage in the power supply system of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises. The non-sinus voltage coefficients are calculated for the operation of valve inverters and welding machines. The range analysis of the noah caste of higher harmonic components by voltage was carried out and it was established that the values of the correlation coefficients between the non-sinusoidal coefficients of voltage and the fraction of noah and pointer castes of electricity consumers for the production of hard alloys are equal to: 0.56 and 0.37, which makes it possible to limit the range of priority tasks for calculating the required filter-compensating devices. It is necessary to conduct further studies of higher harmonics in the system of power supply of industrial enterprises and the development of methods for calculating and optimal distributing filter-compensating devices in enterprises.
Анотація. Здійснено аналіз теплообмінних процесів у ґрунтових шарах, які впливають на ущільнення земляного полотна в умовах від'ємних температур. У випадку зниження температури ґрунту зростає структурний опір ґрунтової системи діям ущільнення. За час проведення земляних робіт за умов зниження температури повітря виникають ускладнення щодо ущільнення ґрунту, що містить мерзлі грудки. Досягнення необхідної щільності ґрунтів у таких випадках залежить від температури навколишнього середовища, величини і виду навантажень ущільнення. Ключові слова: від'ємна температура повітря, земляне полотно, теплообмінні процеси в ґрунтових шарах, вологість, ущільнення.
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