Summary. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric methods were developed for analysis of berberine, the principal bioactive constituent, in Coscinium fenestratum extracts. The HPLC and UV spectrophotometric determinations were performed at 226, 270, and 340 nm. The methods were validated by assessing linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. HPLC detection was found to be more effective than spectrophotometric determinations. The content of berberine determined by HPLC method at detection wavelengths of 270 and 340 nm was found to be higher as compared to the value obtained at wavelength of 226 nm. The content of berberine determined by HPLC ranged from 0.98 to 0.99 (%w/w) in the methanol extract, 0.85 to 0.88 (%w/w) in the methanol-water (1:1) extract, and 0.24 to 0.25 in the water extract.
Protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine, jatrarrhizine, and palmatine have been reported to be a major constituent in C. fenestratum. Formulations of these are alkaloids are widely used in traditional systems of medicine including, Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine and has demonstrated wide range of pharmacological activities including; antihypertensive, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic cholagouge, hepatoprotective and anti‐microbial. Our previous study showed that crude and partially purified fraction (PPF) obtained from dichloromethane (DCM) stem extract of C.fenestratum has a very significant antiulcer activity. Therefore in this study we evaluated the ulcer healing and antioxidant effects of PPF of DCM stem extract Coscinium fenestratum. The ability of the PPF to heal gastric mucosa against injuries caused by necrotizing agent's 0.3M HCl/60% EtOH, indomethacin and stress were investigated. Determination of DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide and superoxide radical‐scavenging activity (antioxidant), was performed using simple biochemical reactions and LC‐MS profiling of the bioactive compound was also determined. PPF demonstrated a significant (p< 0.001) ulcer healing effect, in HCl/EtOH‐induced gastric ulcer, it reduced ulcerative lesion index by 76.2%, stress 93.5%, indomethacin was 74.60%, acetic acid 75% compared to negative control group. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed IC50 value of 0.194mg/ml and superoxide radical scavenging activity IC50 value of 1.54 mg/ml. LC‐MS profiling indicated the presence of Palmitine.
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