The study assessed knowledge and practice of health care providers on current concepts on malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy. 497 randomly selected respondents at the three levels of care in two local governments in Ibadan, South western Nigeria were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were selected from 45 health facilities: 48 (9.7%) community health extension workers (CHEWS), 139 (28.9%) auxiliary nurses, 220 (44.3%) formally trained nurses and 90 (18.1%) medical doctors. Only 57 (11.5%) respondents were knowledgeable about current WHO strategies for malaria prevention in pregnancy. Three hundred and eighty six respondents (77.7%) were aware of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT). Awareness about IPT was highest among CHEWS (95.8%). Pyrimethamine was prescribed mainly by healthcare providers in the secondary (60.6%) and primary (60.3%) levels of care (X 2 = 11.54, p < 0.01). Chloroquine was prescribed by 42.5% of respondents. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was significantly more commonly prescribed by primary health care providers than in other levels of care (X 2 = 15.07, p < 0.01). Prescription for insecticide treated nets was high. Respondents' practice of anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis was influenced by the cadre of the health care provider and level of practice. There are several knowledge gaps on current malaria prevention strategies in pregnancy among healthcare providers. Multiple strategies are required to improve health care workers' knowledge and practice of malaria prevention during pregnancy. RÉSUMÉPerception et pratique de la prophylaxie du paludisme pendant la grossesse chez les dispensateurs des soins de santé à Ibadan L'étude a évalué la connaissance et la pratique chez les dispensateurs de soins de santé à l'égard de concepts courants à l'égard de la prophylaxie du paludisme pendant la grossesse. Nous avons selectionné au hasard 497 répondants à tous les trois niveaux de soin dans deux administrations locales à Ibadan au sud-ouest du Nigéria qui ont été interviewés à l'aide d'un questionnaire auto-administré. Les répondants ont été selectionnés aupres des 45 établissements de santé: 48(9,7%) parmi le personnel des services de santé extra-hospitalier (PSSEH) 139(28,9%) infirmières auxillaires, 220(44,3%) infirmières formellement formées et 90(18,1%) médecins. Seuls 57(11,5%) des répondants connaissaient les stratégies courantes de l'OMS pour la prévention du paludisme pendant la grossesse. Trois cent quatre-vingt-six répondants (77,7%) étaient au courant du traitement préventif intermittent (TPI). La conscience du TPI était la plus élevée parmi les PSSEH (95,8%). Les dispensateurs de soins de santé ont surtout prescrit pyriméthamine au niveau secondaire (60, 6%) et au niveau primaire (60,3%) de soin (X 2 = 11, 54, p < 0, 01). Chloroquine a été prescrite par 42,5% des répondants. Sulfadoxinepyriméthamine a été, de manière signifactive, la plus communément prescrite par les dispensateurs des services de soins primaries qu'à d'autres niveaux de soin (X 2 = 15, ...
Background Regular evaluation of antimicrobials prescriptions is important for optimal use. Objective This study determined the prescription patterns, class and costs of antimicrobials in the adult out-patient pharmacy of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Methods A 1-year retrospective study from 1st January to 31st December 2018. The data, which included identification code, age, sex, antibiotics prescribed, number of antibiotics per prescription, number of medicines per prescription, dosage form, generic prescribing, drug on the essential drug list, and cost, were used in the analysis. The Chi-square test and Analysis of Variance were used to compare our data with the WHO–developed antimicrobial prescription Guidelines for Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical and Defined Daily Dose assignment of 2019. Results From 450 patient records, significantly more females (70%) were prescribed with antimicrobials (P = 0.0038). The prescription pattern showed that antimicrobials selection by class was significantly different (P < 0.0001) (top three being Amino-penicillin > Nitroimidazoles > Fluoroquinolone). In addition, age differed significantly (P < 0.0001) with 46–50 as the highest class. Dosage forms profile showed that the percentage of encounter with injections prescribed (1.8%) was less than WHO recommendation (13.4–24.1%). Most of the prescriptions (84.22%) were from the Essential Drug List. The average cost of prescriptions with two antimicrobials was the highest ($14.0807), then three ($10.7949), and one ($6.39858). The average number of drugs per prescription that had one (4.28), two (4.46), and three (5.55) antimicrobials, respectively, were more than double the average (2) recommended by WHO. Conclusion The study showed that most of the patterns are within limit, however, highlights the need for frequent evaluation.
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