This research assessed population variability and prediction of heat island in a tropical country, Nigeria, from 2006 to 2036. Data for heat island were generated from records of the National Population Commission (NPC) using the population mathematical model. With national population growth rate of 2.67 %, Nigeria recorded average heat island of 6.1 ℃ with variation of 0.1 ℃ per decade indicating that heat island is on the increase. The North Central region had heat island variation of 0.3 ℃ per decade; North East had heat island of 0.1 ℃, North West 0.1 ℃, South East 0.1 ℃, South-South 0.2 ℃ and South West 0.2 ℃ respectively. The six regions had heat island of 5.4 ℃ to 5.6 ℃ greater than 0.5-2.5 ℃ recommended standard indicating that human comfort has been compromised in Nigeria. Results show that heat island across the regions differ significantly. Also, population density is not associate variable that causes heat island in the regional landmass of Nigeria. It therefore recommends national planners and development practitioners to implement population control and tree planting strategies. The research has contributed to the interactive roles of population and landmass in heat island effects. Therefore, a control of population growth lowers the effect of heat island in Nigeria.
Since 1986, the rate of expansion of population and urban pavement materials in Port Harcourt metropolis and environs has generated enormous heat capable of causing disaster. This paper examines geo-spatial dynamics of Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Port Harcourt metropolis and environs from 1986 to 2018 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach. To achieve this purpose, satellite data were retrieved and analyzed using the algorithm for extracting LST from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 thermal infrared sensor sources from the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The results indicate that in 1986, LST concentrated on the southwestern (Bakana) and northeastern (Oyigbo) sections of the city with temperature range of 19.27°C and 30.17°C having population of 757,022 persons. In 2003, LST concentrated on the city centre, southwestern (Bakana) and northwestern (Rumuekeni) segments with temperature range of 16.14°C and 34.19°C having population of 1,143,103 persons respectively. Also, in 2018 LST shifted its concentration to northeastern and southeastern segments of the city with a variation of 21.6°C and 35.31°C having population of 3,095,342 persons expected to experience heat related ailments such as heat stroke. The city has compromised the standard human comfort threshold of 27°C. It is recommended that there should be immediate urban greening of tree planting, de-congestion of development activities from the eastern segment of Port Harcourt city to the western segment as well as practical implementation of urban management plan without further delay.
This study examined the trend in annual maximum and minimum temperature data in Ebonyi State using data collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency of Nigeria. The aim is to reveal the spatial and temporal variation in maximum and minimum temperature from 1984-2015. The study made use of statistical tool like linear regression to depict the trend in annual maximum and minimum temperature over time. Results indicate that maximum temperature possesses steepness in slope of 0.0046? and minimum temperature 0.002?. The maximum temperature equation shows a positive time trend which suggests that maximum temperature of Ebonyi State of Nigeria tends to increase over time. Decadal analysis of the climate variable revealed that the 1994-2003 decade has the highest maximum temperature followed by 2004-2015 decade and then 1984-1993. This shows that the 1984-1993 decade was cooler than the later decade which is a pointer to the increasing temperature being experienced in form of global warming with its attendant environmental consequences. The study therefore recommends that proactive measure like making accurate and appropriate weather and climate data available for planning should be encouraged by all to mitigate these consequences especially on population whose livelihood depends on agriculture that is temperature sensitive.
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