No abstract

Origanum species are significant aromatic and medicinal plants used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Isolation of bioactive compounds was executed on n-butanol extract to yield the compounds responsible for the activities. Tricosan-1-ol (1), (8E,16E)-tetracosa-8,16-diene-1,24-diol (2), azepan-2-one (3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4), apigenin (5), eriodictyol (6), globoidnan-A (7), luteolin (8), rosmarinic acid (9), apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (10), and vicenin-2 (11) were isolated by chromatographic methods (column chromatography and semi-preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Liquid chromatography/Time-of-flight/Mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS). The isolated compounds and extracts were applied for antioxidant assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ) scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS •+ ) scavenging, reducing power, and cuprac techniques. 3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (4), eriodictyol (6), luteolin (8), and rosmarinic acid (9) revealed the considerable antioxidant activities. ARTICLE HISTORY

Effects of two different methyl jasmonate (MeJA) doses, applied 2 weeks ahead of estimated harvest date, on fruit weight loss (%), color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic (TP), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and individual phenolic compounds of “Fortune” plum were investigated at harvest and during 4 weeks of cold storage. Application of MeJA significantly increased weight loss at the end of storage period. entire color characteristics decreased linearly in all treatments during the storage period. The highest fruit firmness value at the end of storage was obtained from 1,120 mg L−1 MeJA treatment. TP and TAA values increased linearly in all treatments during the storage period. The highest post‐storage total phenolics and antioxidant values was observed in the 2,240 mg L−1 MeJA application. MeJA applications significantly increased the chlorogenic acid content during the storage (P < 0.05). Practical Applications Plum fruits constitute a good source of natural antioxidant substances. Particularly, plums contain large amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids having natural antioxidant activity which is effective in human diet. results of the study indicated that there was a linear relationship between total phenolic and antioxidant activity.

________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the fatty acid and proximate composition of two commercially exploited trout species (wild brown trout (WBT) and farmed rainbow trout (FRT)). The mean crude lipid content in FRT (4.3%) was significantly higher than that in WBT (2.7%). Total saturated fatty acid concentration (27.7%) in WBT was significantly higher than that in FRT (21.4%). However, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in FRT were significantly greater than those of WBT. While the omega-6 PUFA concentration of WBT was fairly low, total omega-3 PUFA concentration was significantly higher compared with omega-6 PUFA. In contrast to WBT, the FRT contained high omega-6 and low omega-3 PUFA concentrations. Linolenic, docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids and C20:3n-3 components of omega-3 PUFAs were higher and significantly different between the two species. The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in WBT was significantly higher compared to FRT. The results indicated that muscle lipids of both species are rich in EPA + DHA, thus beneficial in human nutrition. ________________________________________________________________________________

Teucrium chamaedrys L. is an aromatic and medicinal plant used as traditional medicine. Aerial parts of the plant material were dried and extracted with hexane-dichloromethane (extract 1), ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (extract 2) and methanol-dichloromethane (extract 3) in a ratio of 1:1 at rt successively. The solvents were evaporated to give crude extracts. Extract 1 was suspended in water at 60°C then partitioned successively with hexane and ethyl acetate to give hexane and ethyl acetate portions. After the column chromatography (silica gel) of ethyl acetate extract, one new and four known compounds were isolated. The new compound was named as 1(12S,18R)-15,16-epoxy-2β,6β-dihydroxy-neo-cleroda-13(16),14-dien-20,l2-olide-l8,l9-hemiacetal (teuchamaedryn D) (4). The known compounds were teucrin A (1), dihydroteugin (2), teucroxide (3), syspirensin A (5). The chromatographic methods were also applied for extract 3 to isolate verbascoside (6) and teucrioside (7). The structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including LC-TOF/MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR.

Schiff base derivatives have gained great importance due to revealing a great number of biological properties. Schiff bases were synthesized by treatment of 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (1) with various aldehydes in methanol at reflux. In addition, diamine was reacted with an aldehyde to yield the corresponding Schiff bases. The structures of synthesized Schiff bases were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as microanalysis, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and FTIR. Antioxidant activities of synthesized Schiff bases were carried out using different antioxidant assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH •) scavenging, 2,2 0-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and reducing power activity. (E)-4-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (3), (E)-1,5-dimethyl-4-((2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) methyleneamino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (5), (E)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(thiophen-2-ylmethyleneamino)-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (7), (E)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(quinolin-2-ylmethyleneamino)-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one (9), (1S,2S, N1,N2)-N1,N2-bis((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (11), and (1S,2S,N1,N2)-N1,N2-bis((2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (12) were synthesized in high yields. Compound 5 displayed a good ABTS •+ activity. Compound 3 revealed the outstanding activity in all assays. Compound 7 has the best-reducing power ability in comparison to other synthesized compounds. Although compounds 5, 11, 12 are new, compounds 3, 7, 9 are known. Due to revealing a good antioxidant activity, the synthesized compounds (3, 5, 7) have the potential to be used as synthetic antioxidant agents.

No abstract

Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet (Synonym Salvia cryptanthaMontbret & Aucher ex Benth) has been used extensively for traditional medicine. The aerial of plant material was boiled in water then filtrated. The filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially to yield the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extract. A sample of water was lyophilized to yield the water extract. Ethyl acetate extract revealed the highest antioxidant activity and included the most phenolic compounds among the extracts. Hence, ethyl acetate extract was subjected to chromatographic techniques. Ursolic acid (1), crismaritin (2), luteolin (3), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (4), 3,4-dihydroxyl benzaldehyde (protocatechuic aldehyde) (5), caffeic acid (6), apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside (7), rosmarinic acid (8) and luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) were isolated and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. Cirsimaritin (2), luteolin (3), rosmarinic acid methyl ester (4), rosmarinic acid (8), luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (9) displayed the considerable antioxidant activity.