A descriptive cross-sectional school based study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted intestinal helminths and the associated factors among school children in Kaduwela Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area in the Colombo district, which was affected by floods in 2016. The study was conducted in 9 selected schools in Kaduwela MOH area from September 2016 to March 2017. Permission was obtained from the relevant authorities. Grade 1 students were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed written consent from their parents/guardian. Interviewer based questionnaire was administered to gather demographic data and other relevant information. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet saline smear. Study population comprised 53.4% male students. None of stool samples were positive for soil-transmitted helminths but 17.4% of students complained of nocturnal itching and parents of 23% of them had seen worms passing out from their children's anus at night. Fourteen stool samples were found to be positive for cyst of Entamoeba coli. Majority of parents (69%) stated that their children always wash their hands with soap and water before meals, whereas 26% stated that their children practice this sometimes. Majority of students (88%) washed their hands after going to the toilet. Almost all students (86%) used water sealed toilets and very few used pit latrines (14%). In this study, 67% of students had received anti-helminthic drugs after the floods. These findings suggest that zero prevalence of helminthic infections could be due to anti-helminthic prophylaxis and good health practices. Further studies should be done in this area with a large sample size to investigate the true prevalence of helminthic infections. Students and parents should be educated on Enterobius vermicularis infection. The source of water supply should be tested for fecal contamination.
Background: Clonorchis sinensis is an important fish-borne small liver fluke, that is a listed carcinogen for humans. Approximately 1 million people are infected with small liver flukes in Vietnam. In order for control programmes to be successful, it is essential to identify highly endemic areas and unravel risk factors associated with C. sinensis infection; however, a comprehensive study investigating risk factors for C. sinensis infection in Vietnam is lacking up to now. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of C. sinensis infection and associated risk factors in rural communities in northern Vietnam.Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 communes in Yen Bai and Thanh Hoa provinces where C. sinensis infection is known to be present and raw fish consumption is common. A total of 841 residents over 6 years old were recruited
Objective Helicobacter pylori is a major cause for chronic gastritis and further it is associated with development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to classify gastritis according to the updated Sydney system guidelines and find the association of H. pylori with each of graded variable. Number of 152 dyspeptic patients who underwent upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy at a Teaching Hospital were enrolled. Of the 2 biopsies collected one was used for PCR to detect H. pylori. The other biopsy was fixed in formalin followed by paraffin embedding and stained with H&E stain. Gastritis was classified microscopically according to the updated Sydney system. Results : Gastritis was reported over a wide age group ranging from 18-84 years with a mean age of 51 years. Based on histological findings, 12% of patients were diagnosed as H. pylori associated chronic active gastritis. There was no significant association between each graded variable and H. pylori positivity. Of the 152 dyspeptic patients 34 were positive by PCR for H. pylori infection. All the dyspeptic patients with H. pylori infection had chronic active gastritis, suggesting an etiologic role of the bacterium in the histologic lesion.
Background: Helicobacter pylori has been identified as a group I carcinogenic bacterium that infects the gastric mucosa leading to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Pathogenesis of H. pylori depends on the virulence of the strain, host immune response, and modulating factors like smoking and diet. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between selected human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles including HLA-DQA1*0102, HLA-DQA1*0103, and HLA-DQB1*0301, and the presence of H. pylori infection and disease severity among dyspeptic patients. Materials and Methods: Gastric tissue samples were collected from 100 dyspeptic patients, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at a tertiary care hospital. Presence of HLA alleles was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Helicobacter pylori infection was determined using PCR and Histology. The histological interpretation was done according to the 'Sydney classification.' Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 22. Results: Respective percentages of HLA-DQA1*0102, HLA-DQA1*0103, and HLA-DQB1*0301 were 39%, 31%, and 20%, respectively. Of the 25 samples positive for H. pylori infection, 56% (14/25), 36% (9/25), and 12% (3/25) were positive for HLA-DQA1*0102, HLA-DQA1*0103, and HLA-DQB1*0301 alleles respectively. Considering the association with H. pylori infection, only HLA-DQA1*0102 showed significant association (P = .044). No significant association was found between the HLA alleles and the histological severity among the H. pylori infected patients. Conclusion: Investigation of immunogenetic factors contributing to susceptibility or resistance to H. pylori infection in Sri Lanka can provide an insight into understanding the risk of developing severe pathological complications among patients.
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