Abstrak. Putri NE, Kusumawati A, Azhar NO, Swasti E. 2017. Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi buah-buah lokal Sumatera Barat yang terancam punah. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 117-126. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengkarakterisasi buah-buah lokal Sumatera Barat. Informasi hasil karakterisasi tanaman buah lokal ini sangat penting untuk pemanfaatan buah lokal di program pemuliaan tanaman. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bulan Juli -Desember 2015 di Padang, Pariaman, dan Kab. Darmasraya. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui survey dengan pengambilan contoh secara sengaja (Purpossive sampling). Identifikasi dan karakterisasi tanaman dilakukan pada seluruh atau bagian tanaman termasuk buah dan bijinya (jika ada). Hasil penelitian eksplorasi menunjukkan bahwa buah-buah lokal yang ada sekarang umumnya ditemui di kebun milik warga yang mana beberapa puluh tahun lalu banyak ditanam di halaman rumah. Berdasarkan eksplorasi telah ditemukan buah-buah lokal, yaitu Padang: jambu kaliang dan sirukam; Pariaman: kapunduang; Darmasraya: kasai, bidaro, santua, dan cupak. Beberapa tanaman buah lokal menunjukkan keragaman fenotipe yang luas pada beberapa karakter. Beberapa biji dari buah-buah lokal telah dibibitkan dalam rangka konservasi. Kata kunci: Eksplorasi, karakterisasi, buah lokal, Sumatera BaratAbstract. Putri NE, Kusumawati A, Azhar NO, Swasti E. 2017. Exploration and characterization of endangered West Sumatra local fruits. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 117-126. This research aimed to explore and characterize of local fruits in West Sumatera. The information of its characterization will be important for utilization of local fruits in plant breeding program. It was conducted on July -December 2015 in Padang, Pariaman, and Darmasraya District. It was done by survey method using purposive sampling. Identification and characterization had been done to entire or part of the plant including its fruit and seed (if available). The result of this exploration showed that local fruits nowadays found only in the garden of the societies even though it was mostly planted around their house (backyard). Based on the exploration, it had been obtained local fruits i.e Padang: jambu kaliang and sirukam; Pariaman: kapunduang; Darmasraya Regency: kasai, bidaro, santua, and cupak. Some of the local fruits showed a broad variability in some characters. Some seeds of local fruit had been planted in the nursery in order to ex -situ. Keywords: Exploration, characterization, local fruit, West Sumatra PENDAHULUANProduksi buah nasional seperti pisang, mangga, jeruk, nenas, dan durian meningkat pada tahun 2015 dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Hal ini mendukung meningkatkanya nilai ekspor dari buah-buah nasional dan tercatat 20 komoditi buah diekspor dengan nilai US $ 35.98 juta (BPS, 2015). Namun produksi buahbuah tersebut tidak termasuk buah-buah lokal spesifik yang nilai produksinya tidak dilaporkan. Rohyani et al. (2015) menyatakan buah-buah lokal memiliki bentuk dan cita rasa yang sangat khas sehingga memiliki potensi yang sanga...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a non-insulin dependent diabetes, because insulin is not secreted by beta cell pancreas or dysfunction of insulin reseptors. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber rich-tofu from black soybean on the antioxidant plasma status, malonaldehide (MDA) and hepatic marker in T2DM patients. One group (n=11) of patients was given 80 g of tofu for 30 days while the control group (n=11) was not. No significant differences was observed pertaining the characteristics of both groups before interventions (age, body mass index, body weight, body high, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose). The antioxidant activity, MDA and AST/ALT of both groups were analyzed from plasma at day-0 and day-30. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH method, MDA level with TBARS method, and AST/ALT by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method. The result showed that the plasma antioxidant increased (4.77±9.49%), but the MDA (2.11±1.73 nmol/mL) and AST (7.73±16.72 U/L)/ ALT (3.55±12.79 U/L) level decreased. Rich dietary fiber tofu from black soybean may have potential use for improving the health status of T2DM patients.
Lotanbar" is a curly chilli, produced by mass selection and done by a farmer from Mungka Sub-district, The district of Limapuluh Kota, Province of West Sumatera. It has the number of fruits more than one on some nodus. This uniqueness gives an opportunity to assemble a new superior cultivar with number of fruit more through the plant breeding program in order to obtain higher yield harvest. In chilli farming, income and cost analysis of it are one of the important things in determining the attitude of farmers to do cultivation. As a new cultivar candidate, Lotanbar chili need to be analyzed how this chili business seen from the aspect of its economy. The purposes of this research were to describe the technical culture, analyze the amount of incomes and profits, and also calculate R/C ratio on Lotanbar chili farmers. This research was conducted April 15th to May 2014 at Simpang Tigo farmers group at Jorong Talang, Nagari Talang Maua, sub-district of Mungka, The district of Limapuluh Kota. It used descriptive research with approach case studies with ten farmers as respondents. Then, the result showed that farmers didn't prepare seedlings in the seedbed but directly planted seeds in their farm. Therefore, harvesting can be done earlier as compared to using the seedlings. The average farmer's land ownership amounted to 0.10 Ha. Moreover, from these areas, they got around 1.410,30 kg of the yield or 15.619,68 kg per Ha. Thus, the average income of farmers lotanbar chili in one growing season fare of 25.256.900,00/land area or Rp. 286.722.257,28 per Ha. The average profit was Rp. 24.104.815,57/land area or Rp. 273.381.482,57 per Ha. Analysis of this condition, its R/C Ratio was 4,42 per Ha.
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