Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus, and as of September 11, 2020, 210,940 cases have been reported spread across all provinces in Indonesia. Central Java is the province with the 3rd highest cumulative case as of August 24, 2020. On the other hand, Klaten District ranks 11th out of 35 Districts/Cities in Central Java, and it is classified as a moderate risk zone area. Purpose: This study aims to describe the Covid-19 cases in Klaten District. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The data used secondary data obtained from the Covid-19 Case Report by the Surveillance, Health Quarantine, and Immunization Section of the Klaten District Health Office from March to August 2020. The population of all Klaten District people identified as positive for Covid-19 from March to August 2020. Samples were taken by using the total population sampling technique. Data analysis was presented using univariate analysis in narrative form, tables, charts, and distribution maps processed with health-mapper software. Results: Most Covid-19 cases occurred in men (50.31%). The highest confirmed cases happened in the productive age (49.06%), namely between 15-44 years. The area with the most confirmed cases was Wonosari Sub-district, with 72 confirmed cases. Covid-19 confirmed cases increased significantly in August with 180 confirmed cases. Conclusion: Klaten District is one of the areas affected by the Covid-19 pandemic with the number of cases that tends to increase since March to August 2020.
The prevalence and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Indonesia are increasing. One major risk factor for NCDs is smoking. Thus, this study assessed sociodemographic predictors of smoking persistence among young males in Indonesia, who are at high risk for smoking and NCDs. We analysed the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2017, a nationally representative survey in 34 provinces of Indonesia. We included data from 9957 young males aged 15-24 who had tried smoking and were interviewed by the IDHS enumerators for their smoking patterns and sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the predictors of smoking persistency. Our analyses uncovered that those who started smoking at high-school age, lived in rural areas, had an occupation, and had lower education levels, had higher odds of smoking persistence than other young males. The use of internet, also increased the odds of smoking persistence, while those reading newspapers had lower odds of smoking persistence. Regarding household characteristics, young males who came from poor households, whose household heads were smokers or not married, also had higher odds of smoking. In conclusion, this study also showed the significance of several individual variables and household sociodemographic factors related to smoking persistence. Based on our findings, we recommend the need for intervention that aims not only at large-scale policy to ban smoking and educational campaigns through the internet but also specific educational intervention targeting families, particularly poor families with active smokers. The educational campaign is also needed to target the younger population, who are at higher risk for smoking persistence if they start smoking earlier.
Background:Bullying is an act of aggression that is intentional and repeated physically, psychologically, verbally, and cyber which can cause various health problems. Bullying is one of the causes of poor mental health conditions in adolescents whose impact can continue into adulthood. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of the effect of bullying on mental health and depression based on the scores obtained from several previous similar studies. Subjects and Method:The design of this research study was a systematic review and metaanalysis. The primary articles used were obtained from online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Springer Link) published in 2012-2022. Population: teenagers. Intervention: bullying. Comparison: not experiencing bullying. Outcomes: mental health and depression. The keywords used in the primary article search were "Bullying" AND "Mental Health Problem" OR "Psychological Disorder" OR "Psychological Distress" AND "Depression" OR "Depressive Disorder" AND "Adolescent" OR "Teenager". This study uses full-text articles with a cross-sectional design and contains an aOR (adjusted Odds Ratio) value. The selection of articles was carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Indonesia was the fourth most densely populated country in the world with more than 260 million people in 2017. One of the government's efforts to overcome the high rate of population growth is a family planning program by using contraception methods. However, the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) for all contraception methods in Indonesia in 2017 was only 63.6%, lower than its target in 2017 which was 65.6%. Several previous studies have shown that there are factors that cause low contraceptive use, such as age, education, and residential area. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, education level, and residential area with contraceptive use in married women in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the 2017 IDHS with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was married women of 15-49 years old age group, with a total of 35,479 respondents. Data analysis used Chi-square statistical test. The results were the variables of age (p=0.000), education level (p=0.000), and residential area (p=0.008) showed statistically significant results. In conclusion, there are relations between age, education level, and residential area with contraceptive use in married women in Indonesia. Therefore, the coordination of cross-sectoral and cross-program needs to be carried out, such as intensifying the promotion and implementation of family planning programs in the community, socializing education about family planning, and equitable access to family planning services and information throughout Indonesia.
Background: Hypertension is currently starting to show a trend in prevalence that continues to increase at a younger age and is a major cause of premature death in the world. In adolescents, hypertension is more common who are overweight or obese. This study aims to examine the effect of overweight and obesity on the incidence of hypertension in adolescents using a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Intervention: overweight and obesity. Comparison: normoweight. Outcome: hypertension). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar with the keywords (hypertension OR "High Blood Pressure") AND "BMI Status" AND (adolescent OR teenager) AND "cross sectional". There were 9 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 with odds ratio (OR) effect size that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis was conducted on 9 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from China, South Korea, India, Turkey, Tunisia, Lithuania and Poland involving 63,239 adolescents aged 10-19 years. The results of the meta-analysis showed that overweight adolescents were 2.44 times more likely to experience hypertension compared to normal weight adolescents (aOR= 2.44; 95%CI= 1.87 to 3.19; p<0.001), and obese adolescents were more likely to experience hypertension 4.53 times compared with normal weight adolescents (aOR= 4.53; 95% CI= 3.10 to 6.61; p<0.001). Conclusion:Being overweight and obese can increase the risk of developing hypertension in adolescents.
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