For ages, it has been proven that vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventing infectious diseases from spreading in the population of human beings. The result of high immunization coverage is the drastic deteriorations in vaccine-preventable diseases. Hence, it is indeed disturbing to see the report by Ministry of Health that the number of cases of parents refusing vaccination for their children is escalating, for an example, measles and pertussis cases to rise. Whether these parents realized it or not, they had denied the right of their children to be vaccinated against preventable diseases that had been in control all this while because of vaccines, and more, jeopardizing the public health as well. For this reason, the Ministry of Health has contemplated making vaccination compulsory for children as to protect them against preventable diseases and for the benefit of the society as a whole. This article discusses the extent of the regulations that may be implemented. Therefore for the purpose of this article, the scrutinization of vaccination law as implemented in California will be referred. At the end of this article, some recommendations are proposed in relation to the realization of legislation of vaccination regulations that may be implemented by the government, hopefully soon. This article employs a doctrinal analysis and secondary data from academic journals and online databases.
Purpose The development of successful Sustainable Development Goals realization cannot be divorced from regulations governing sustainability information. Therefore, limited research on the regulatory environment regarding sustainability reporting in the Malaysian context requires further examination to ascertain the current framework. This study aims to critically assess the Malaysian Companies Act 2016 and Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) to examine the regulatory environment regarding the sustainability reporting framework. The examination is done to determine the extent of support provided under the Malaysian regulatory environment for the said practice. Design/methodology/approach A doctrinal methodology that relies on the extant literature, statutory instruments and case laws complemented by content analysis is adopted to explore the current regulatory environment regarding sustainability reporting. Findings The findings indicate that the Companies Act 2016 has already paved the way for the integration of corporate sustainability through the Business Review Report (BRR). However, the application is voluntary and hence could lead to inconsistent implementation. The MCCG has introduced the integrated reporting practice, but the application is limited to large companies on “apply and report” approach. This practice is voluntary to other types of companies, which diminishes the importance of sustainability reporting and gives rise to doubt about its efficiency in addressing sustainability in the long term. The current framework for sustainability reporting cannot be considered satisfactory, given the significance of sustainable development to the Malaysian economy and society, due to a lack of appropriate legal obligations. Originality/value This study is presently amongst the available legal literature on sustainability reporting practice in Malaysia, adding to its originality. This paper hopes to stimulate discussion among academicians on incorporating sustainability principles in the Companies Act 2016 and expanding directors’ duties.
There is a growing call globally for corporations to improve transparency in corporate reporting, along with the surge of enhancing disclosure of non-financial information. Companies are seen as agents for contributing to a better future, and hence could assist in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030, via transparent non-financial disclosure. This review paper is premised on the fact that laws on non-financial disclosure may be useful in enhancing the transparency of companies’ conducts. Hence, this systematic review aims to synthesize the literature from 2014 to 2021 on the patterns and trends relating to regulations on non-financial disclosure in corporate reporting by companies. A keyword search followed by filters provided by the Web of Science Core Collection and SCOPUS databases resulted in a total of 369 documents being found. A total of 62 articles were reviewed after manual filtering and exclusion. A thematic review of these 62 articles identified 20 initial codes, which were then grouped into eight clusters: Directive 2014/95/EU, disclosure approaches, fiduciary duties of directors, stakeholder engagement, the effectiveness of disclosure regulations, the impacts of rules, the role of different actors and corporate accountability. The paper finds that the patterns and trends in the review set the path for future research on laws of non-financial disclosure, as they serve as a guideline for researchers for future studies.
Immunisation protection includes vaccination programme that is very crucial to prevent the spread of disease among children or those with low immune systems. However, the cases of contagious diseases such as measles have increased dramatically in many countries around the world, including Malaysia. This may be partly due to the rise of certain groups or movements that do not believe in the efficacy of the vaccines. This paper outlined the scenario and existing framework on the administration of the vaccines in Malaysia, with respect to the practices of some countries namely the United State, Italy and Singapore on the implementation of the immunisation programme to its community. Subsequently, this paper highlighted the issues on compulsory vaccination on whether it violated the fundamental liberties incorporated in the Federal Constitution. The researchers adopted a doctrinal approach, whereby materials were compiled from the Malaysian and other jurisdictions’ legislations, case laws, journal articles, and databases. This paper is intended for policymakers as well as the public to understand the possibility for implementing compulsory vaccinations from a legal perspective.
Objective - This paper aims to determine the efficacy of Nominating Committee in a company considering several factors that are argued to undermine its functions. Methodology/Technique - his research adopts qualitative type of research method where the non-doctrinal approach is used. Findings - The independence of Nominating Committee in a company is affected by several factors hence rendering it less functional. Novelty - This paper highlights several factors that are argued to be undermining to the practicality of Nominating Committee in a company. The factors of social network and influence from the management are further discussed to verify the independence of Nominating Committee. Following the findings of this research, establishment of an independent body or panel outside the company to nominate directors is humbly proposed for further deliberations. Type of Paper - Conceptual Keywords: Corporate governance; Nominating Committee; directors; independence; Malaysia.
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