The oil from Tengkawang fruit (Shorea stenoptera) has been processed by indigenous people in West Kalimantan as cooking oil and margarine. This research examined the degumming process, neutralization and bleaching of Tengkawang oil to reduce the high acid and peroxide numbers resulted from traditional processes. The oil produced at each stage of the refining process were tested for their physicochemical properties by calculating the acid, iodine and peroxide numbers. Respectively, the values of acid number (mg NaOH/100 g sample), iodine number (g I2/100 g sample), and peroxide number (mg equivalent O2/kg sample) for initial Tengkawang fat were 10.14; 32.49 and 10.98; for Tengkawang fat after degumming were 10.25; 28.81 and 10.88); for Tengkawang fat after neutralization were 6.09; 30.52 and 5.57; and for Tengkawang fat after bleaching were 6.14; 31.39 and 5.55. The acid number of Tengkawang oil after neutralization process with variation of volume 5, 7.5 and 10 % were 7.83; 6.14 and 3.12 mg NaOH/100 g sample, respectively. The refining process increased the quality of physicochemical properties of Tengkawang oil to fall into industrial grade.
Field Oriented Control (FOC) is a standard for high performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the industry. It has excellent transient and steady-state response and relative simple structure. This paper is concerned in study case of implementing FOC control in realtime embedded system. The experimental results show that the FOC performs well in controlling the torque and speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with satisfactory result.
In urban area, modern role of bridges is to connect two or more locations. In that area, it is often to construct long span road crossing curved integral bridges consisting of several spans. In this study, the same type of bridge which is located at the intersection of an existing road and an elevated toll road in Jakarta showed cracks at one of the piers during construction of bridge segments. Construction time started from the beginning of 2016 until the end of 2018. Observations were done after the occurrence of cracks by installing strain gauge sensor at the lower part of the pier. Strain from the strain gauge is not only influenced by the construction activities but it is also influenced by the temperature of the surrounding environment. Construction staging analysis using MIDAS Civil software was conducted to evaluate the cracks. Numerical strain evaluation was done by considering the temperature effect taken from the measurement. Both stress which is calculated from the strain obtained by the measurement and construction staging analysis are in good concordance. Using the allowable stress limit for both obtained stress, the actual condition at the pier were verified.
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