Abstract-The purpose of this paper is to make comparison in terms of social network between male and female Malay entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Social network is defined as interrelationship between the entrepreneurs and their contact (alter) in business venturing. However, there is limited understanding on how the entrepreneurs use their social network. Moreover, there is dearth attention given to investigate the social network in developing country especially in Malaysia. Both social network theory and structural perspective were employed in this quantitative-based study. The data gathered through the mail questionnaire method in which 93 are male and 72 female respondents representing 53 percent responded. Using t-test, the study reveals that there is no significance difference in terms of network size, network activity and network density for both genders. Implications and direction for further research are also presented.
The high competition in the employment market and high unemployment rate prompted the government to encourage entrepreneurship as a career option for students further. Many entrepreneurship programs and courses have been developed and offered in higher learning institutions to encourage innovative behavior and the ability to recognize opportunities, especially in the emerging digitization world and the high unemployment rate in Malaysia. Generic skills such as creativity, proactiveness, risk-propensity, leadership, motivation, and self-efficacy are said to be essential determinants for innovative behavior. This paper aims to investigate the impact of generic skills on innovative behavior and opportunity recognition empirically. The online survey was conducted on 225 students who took a technology entrepreneurship course at a Malaysian university. Data were then analyzed using Partial Least Square software. Only creativity and proactive have a strong influence on innovative behavior and opportunity recognition. The mixed results implied that more efforts to carry out to enhance further the innovative behavior of students in preparing them to real-world challenges. It is timely to readdress how to improve further and strengthen the generic skills of students. Recommendation and suggestions are presented.
The purpose of this study is to explore the entrepreneurial personal traits of students from Science and Technology cluster in Universiti Teknologi MARA. Seven entrepreneurial personality traits were included namely, need for achievements, innovativeness, proactive, risktaking, locus of control, tolerance to ambiguity and self-efficacy. Three hundred sixty two questionnaires were collected during the survey, but only three hundred sixty were usable. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. The results showed the need for achievements is the most important while locus of control is the least important. Female students have higher entrepreneurial personality trait compared to male. Students who had attended any entrepreneurship programs tend to have higher Entrepreneurial Personality Traits. While male students were found to have a higher risk-taking trait compared to female. However, there were no differences in term of entrepreneurial personality traits between students who have a business or have experience in handling business compared to those who did not attend any program. The entrepreneurship programs, seminar and events had helped to instill and strengthen the entrepreneurial personality traits among students. The implication of these findings for entrepreneurship research and recommendation are discussed.
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