The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vapocoolant spray administration prior to subcutaneous (SC) low molecular weight heparin injection on local ecchymosis, hematoma, and pain. This randomized controlled study was carried out on 64 patients (n = 128 injections) in an orthopedics and traumatology clinic. After randomization, vapocoolant spray and then heparin injection was applied on one arm. The second necessary dose of heparin was applied to his or her other arm as a placebo by a water spray. Then, the pain of the patients was assessed. After 2 days, ecchymosis and hematoma were evaluated. Significant lower pain scores were determined in applications in which the vapocoolant spray was used. There was no statically significant difference between the mean diameter values of ecchymosis in both arm groups. There was no hematoma on the injection site after injections. However, this method did not create any significant reductive effect on ecchymosis. Nurses are advised to take advantage of vapocoolant spray effects prior to SC heparin injection.

Self-massage of the knee with ginger oil may be used as a complementary method to standard medical treatment. Nurses can easily train patients and their caregivers on knee massage, and the intervention can be implemented by patients at home without any restrictions on location.

Aims and objectives This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a delirium prevention care protocol on pain, functional status, sleep quality and delirium prevention in patients with hip fractures. Background The development of delirium following hip fracture is common among older patients. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 30% of delirium cases are preventable. The prevention of delirium, a multifactorial syndrome, can be achieved through a multicomponent care protocol that targets specific risk factors for delirium. Design A randomised controlled study was conducted according to the CONSORT 2010 guidelines. The Clinical Trial Registry number is NCT04188795. Methods A total of 84 patients were assigned to two groups by block randomisation. The intervention group (n = 41) received nursing care according to a protocol and the control group (n = 43) received standard nursing care. Study data were collected using the demographic information form, the Confusion Assessment Method‐Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU), the Barthel Index, the Mini Nutritional Assessment–short form and the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). The pain of the patients was assessed by using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results The mean age of the patients was 80.6 years (standard deviation 8.0; range 65.0– 97.5 years), and the percentage of the male patients were 36.3%. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of pain and functional status in the preoperative period, on the first postoperative day, or in the predischarge period (p > 0.05 for each). The sleep quality of patients in the intervention group was significantly better than in the control group for all three time measurements (p < 0.05 for each). While 15% of patients in the control group developed delirium, no patient in the intervention group developed delirium (x2=6.486, p = 0.026). Conclusion This study demonstrated that a delirium prevention care protocol may reduce the incidence of delirium and improve sleep quality. Relevance to practice The study highlighted that nurses can contribute to preventing patients’ delirium using nonpharmacologic and independent nursing interventions.

COVID-19 pandemisi, eğitim alanında teknolojinin kullanımını zorunlu hale getirmiş, uzaktan eğitim ve çevrimiçi öğrenme kavramlarını tekrar gündeme getirmiştir. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırmanın evrenini, bir vakıf üniversitesinin öğrencileri oluşturdu. Online anket ile öğrencilere veri toplama formları ulaştırıldı, katılmaya gönüllü olan ve formu eksiksiz dolduran 435 öğrencinin verileri ile çalışma tamamlandı. Veriler, Öğrenci Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Hazır Bulunuşluk Ölçeği (ÇÖHBÖ) kullanılarak toplandı. Öğrencilerin yarıya yakını cep telefonu ve bilgisayar sahibi olduğunu, ancak uzaktan eğitim sürecinde internet bağlantı sorunu yaşadıklarını belirtti. Öğrencilerin büyük kısmı (%67.40) uzaktan eğitimin tekrar etme olanağı sunduğunu belirtirken, çevrimiçi öğrenme hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerinin iyi olduğu (62.46±14.97 puan) değerlendirildi. Lisansüstü öğrencilerinin özgüdümlü öğrenme, öğrenen kontrolü ve motivasyonları alt boyutlarından yüksek puan aldığı tespit edildi. Ayrıca, tüm teknolojik aletlere ve sorunsuz internet bağlantısına sahip olanların çevrimiçi öğrenme hazırbulunuşluk ve alt boyut puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Uzaktan ve çevrimiçi öğrenmenin amacına ulaşabilmesi için, öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluklarının değerlendirilmesi, öğrenci popülasyonu göz önünde bulundurularak eğitim planlaması yapılması gerekmektedir.

No abstract