It has been done research of environmental vulnerability degradation in coal mining area planning using satellite imagery and Geographic Information System. Vulnerability of environmental degradation is the condition of areas that has potential to damage the environment because of human activities or activity that has potential to cause environmental impacts. Monitoring of environmental degradation can be done to determine the ecological vulnerabilities so as to predict and overcome the future events. The development of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems can facilitate the spatial analysis especially environmental degradation. This research was done to map the vulnerability of environmental degradation in coal mining area planning in Banjar regency and classify environmental damage in the area. The analysis based on scoring and weighting of each index resulting ecological vulnerability index (EVI). The results of the overlay and weighting using weighted summation model’s method in coal mining area planning was plotted into four types of zone, i.e., appropriate exploitation zone, optimized exploitation zone, needs to monitoring exploitation zone, and recommended not to be exploitation zone. Thus, the classification of environmental damage in the coal mining area planning of which are moderate to severe erosion, surface runoff in the watershed, moderate salinity resulting in soil degradation, vegetation does not grow well and loss of recharge area.
Watershed Tabunio is one of the watershed in the Province of South Kalimantan which has an important role to support the environmental aspects and socio-economic aspects, it is caused by the upstream part of the watershed there are different types of land use can increase the rate of erosion, the flow surface, also on the middle and downstream utilized by the Tanah Laut for agriculture, plantation and fisheries. This study aims to determine the level of erosion, which is useful as a reference for determining the direction of land use for the carrying capacity of watershed restoration efforts Tabunio. This research method using a regional approach ecological watershed analysis process and presentation done spatially through Geographic Information Systems. The results showed that: a) Amount highest erosion 219,08 ton/ha/yr on Land Unit 3B (mining land use with a gradient of 3-8%), while the lowest amount of erosion 11,44 ton/ha/yr on Land Unit 8 (use secondary dry forest with gradients of 25-40%); b) The level of erosion is very light Danger land unit 8 on the use of secondary dry forest on the slope of 25-40%), while other land units at the rate of moderate to severe erosion. Recovery of the carrying capacity of the watershed Tabunio lower the rate of erosion through soil and water conservation vegetatively and civil engineering (mechanical).
Erosion is detrimental to the health of the watershed exclusively in the upstream area of the watershed because it causes a lack of soil fertility because of being carried away by water, while in the downstream, it will reduce the river’s capacity due to sediment deposits. This research aims to determine the annual rate of soil erosion and its relation to land cover using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Factors needed by RUSLE in estimating erosion include rain erosivity (R), Soil erodibility (K) length and slope (LS), land cover processing factor (CP), and the value of 0,61 as correction factors. We classify the result shows that the erosion rate in Tabunio watershed into five erosion classes, ranging from very light to very heavy classes. The erosion rate in the Tabunio watershed ranged from 0,000158 tons ha-1 year-1 to 9.453,6 tons ha-1 year-1. Very mild erosion occurred in 59.06% of the total area, mild erosion covered 18,80%, while moderate erosion occurred in an area 7,78%, the level of heavy erosion covers an area of 8,15%, while very heavy erosion occurred in an area of 6,21% of the total area of the Tabunio watershed. Forest dominates the erosion rate in the very mild class, the light class until the hefty class is dominated by plantation followed by settlement and mine. From this research, it is known that land cover and land use do not significantly affect the rate of erosion.
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