Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases. Treatment of these diseases can be done by giving antibacterial drugs. One of the plants that can be used as an antibacterial drug is the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L. due to the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves on the growth of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus infections. The study consisted of 5 treatments, namely concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves with five repetitions. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by MIC and MBC methods. The research material uses leaves from Chromolaena odorata L. in the Sungai Besar area, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that the average MIC yield of ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves against Salmonella typhi: 20% and Staphylococcus aureus: 20%. While the average yield of MBC values against Salmonella typhi: 40% and Staphylococcus aureus: 40%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. Chromolaena odorata L. leaves has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.
Typhus is one of acute febrile illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Treatment of typhoid fever usually use antibiotics, the use of antibiotics can cause side effects. People today are using treatment with natural ingredients, one of which is Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) compounds containing alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponin, and anthraquinone is efficacious as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the water decoction of leaves Binahong against Salmonella typhi growth in vitro. This type of research is true experiment with posttest study design Only Control Group Design and methods used are diffusion (wells) with 5 treatment. The concentration of the cooking water leaves the dgunakan Binahong is 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result showed inhibition zone water decoction of the leaves Binahong against Salmonella typhi at a concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% is 0 mm, whereas at 100% concentration obtained inhibition zone of 11 mm. It is concluded that the water decoction of the leaves Binahong at a concentration of 100% has the ability to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi, but these results have not been effective because it is still in the category of resistance. It is suggested for further research to increase the concentration of water decoction of the leaves binahong or use alcohol extract of leaves binahong to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi. Keywords: Water decoction of leaves Binahong, Salmonella typhi, antibacterial. Abstrak: Penyakit tifus atau dikenal dengan demam tifoid atau demam enterik adalah salah satu penyakit demam akut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi. Pengobatan demam tifoid biasanya menggunakan antibiotik, penggunaan antibiotik dapat menimbulkan efek samping. Masyarakat saat ini banyak menggunakan pengobatan dengan bahan alami, salah satunya adalah Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) yang mengandung senyawa Alkaloid, Polifenol, Flavonoid, Saponin, dan Antrakuinon yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas air rebusan daun Binahong terhadap pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro. Jenis penelitian ini adalah true eksperiment dengan rancangan penelitian Posttest Only Control Group Design dan metode yang digunakan adalah difusi (sumuran) dengan 5 perlakuan. Konsentrasi air rebusan daun Binahong yang dgunakan adalah 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan zona hambat air rebusan daun Binahong terhadap Salmonella typhi pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% adalah 0 mm, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 100% didapatkan zona hambat sebesar 11 mm. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah air rebusan daun Binahong pada konsentrasi 100% memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi, namun hasil ini belum efektif karena masih dalam kategori resisten. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi air rebusan daun binahong atau menggunakan ektrak alkohol daun binahong untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Salmonella typhi. Kata kunci : Air rebusan daun Binahong, Salmonella typhi, antibakteri.
Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some of the causes of infectious diseases. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban has many benefits for humans, including overcoming fever, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the inhibition of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves ethanol extract on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The independent variable was the concentration of ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves and the dependent variable was the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The anti-bacterial activity test was carried out by the liquid dilution method. The concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%. 100% The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pyogenes: 40% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 40%. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results for Streptococcus pyogenes: 60% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 60%. So it can be concluded that there is inhibition of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban extract has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.
Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases. Treatment of these diseases can be done by giving antibacterial drugs. One of the plants that can be used as an antibacterial drug is the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L. due to the presence of chemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves on the growth of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The study consisted of 5 treatments, namely concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves with five repetitions. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by MIC and MBC methods. The research material uses leaves from Chromolaena odorata L. in the Sungai Besar area, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that the average MIC yield of ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves against Salmonella typhi: 20% and Staphylococcus aureus: 20%. While the average yield of MBC values against Salmonella typhi: 40% and Staphylococcus aureus: 40%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. leaves has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus.
Antibacterial from natural ingredients, such as medical plants can be used as an alternative medicine. The aims of this study were to identify active compounds and antibacterial activity from the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata, especially to against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The methods of this study were making simplicia powder, extracting the leaves using ethanol, phytochemical screening using the tube method with specific reagents. Fractionated with chloroform and ethyl acetate and analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the active compounds. Antibacterial activity used diffusion method. We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum kill concentration (MKC). The results of the chloroform fraction showed 14-Methyl-Pentadecanoic Acid; 9-Octadecanoad; 2(2-(2, 5-Ditiacyclopentyl)-N-Propyl-3 Isopropanol; Bis (dichloromethyl)-ether. The results on the ethyl acetate fraction were 4-oxopentanoid acid or Levulinic acid; 4, 4- dieutero-hepten-1-ol; 1, 2, 2-trichloro-1, 1-difluoromethane; and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-oxoheksanoic acid. In addition, inhibition zone leaf extract 10% w/v against S. epidermidis 18.44 mm; S. mutans 19.32 mm; S. aureus 19.50 mm; P. aeruginosa 12.70 mm; E. coli 0.00 mm; and S. thypi 0.00 mm. MIC of S.aureus, S.mutans, S.epidermidis, and P.aeruginosa were 6250 ppm, 6250 ppm, 1562.5 ppm, and 9375 ppm, respectively. MKC of S.aureus, S.mutans, S.epidermidis, and P.aeruginosa were 6250 ppm, 6250 ppm, 1562.5 ppm, and 12500 ppm, respectively. The conclusions of this study were the leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata contained terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid. Antibacterial activity of this extract showed strong activity on S. aureus, S. mutans, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa bacteria.
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