This paper uses the REFLEX dataset to test the hypothesis that the generally observed negative impacts of overeducation and overskilling on both job satisfaction and earnings can be attributed to under-utilisation in specific job related skills. We find that the penalties to both forms of mismatch are insensitive to the inclusion of controls for overskilling in a wide range of job specific competencies. The research suggests that the problem of mismatch relates to an inability for fully utilise general or innate ability as opposed to specific areas of acquired learning. The analysis suggests the problem of mismatch can only be effectively addressed by raising general levels of job quality within economies and this, in turn, presents serious challenges for policy.
consensus, however, on whether these differences lead to greater job satisfaction and if, on average, the public sector employee job satisfaction is higher than that of those in the private sector.The results in the different studies are also conditioned by the cultural, economic and socio-political context of the reference country, so it is expected that the comparison of job satisfaction levels between public and private workers will differ in different regional contexts. Specifically, the Spanish labour market has certain characteristics that could influence public workers job satisfaction in relation to private ones. Firstly, the unemployment rate in Spain is considerably higher than that of other European countries in their immediate surroundings, such as Germany, United Kingdom, and France, especially in times of crisis. The elasticity of employment with respect to the economic cycle is very high, which means that, during recessions, such as the one experienced since 2008, the unemployment rate exceeds 25 percent. The second characteristic is the high rate of temporality that characterizes the Spanish labour market. During economic booms, the proportion of temporary contracts usually exceeds 35 percent and during recessions, despite a reduction, it exceeds 25 percent 2 . These particularities could alter worker job perception, especially when considering public positions, which are more stable and permanent.If these aspects are considered, it is feasible that in the case of Spain, or any other country with similar characteristics, public sector employee job satisfaction will be higher than that of private sector employees. It is also feasible, in any case, that there will be a tradeoff between satisfaction with respect to salary and stability and working hours. In
This paper examines the paradox between high relative levels of job satisfaction and the characteristics of women's jobs compared to men's in Spain. Three hypothesis are considered: i) the existence of a selection bias when participating in the labour market; ii) of the presence of adaptive job satisfaction; and iii) the existence of differences related to preferences of different nature to strictly labour issues. The study shows that, although having lower working conditions, women are more likely to be satisfied at work than men are. This paradox persists regardless of the inclusion of a great range of variables of different nature (objective and subjective), the age group and educational level under consideration. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition suggests that women's preferences are actually influencing the differences in job satisfaction. However, it is not demonstrated that these differences disappear as age decreases or educational level increases. The probable existence of a “glass ceiling” that prevents women from having access to posts of greater responsibility and higher wages could cause that women who actually reach them are more satisfied than their male colleagues. As the labour market and society become more equal, this paradox might dilute.
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el efecto de los desajustes educacionales
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