Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan, is known for its active phreatic eruptions. We have investigated its hydrothermal system by conducting audio-magnetotelluric soundings at 22 stations along a profile that extends across the volcano. The final two-dimensional model is characterized by two conductors. One is a 300-to 1000-m-thick conductor of 1-10 m, which is located on the eastern slope and covered with 200-m-thick resistive layers of Kusatsu-Shirane lava and pyroclastics. This conductor indicates the presence of a Montmorillonite-rich layer of Pliocene volcanic rocks that may function both as an impermeable floor for the shallow fluid path from the peak to the hot springs to the east and as an impermeable cap for the deeper fluid path from the summit region to the foot of the volcano. The second conductor is found at a depth of 1-2 km from the surface, at the peak of the volcano, and its resistivity is as low as 1 m or less. This low resistivity can be explained by fluids containing high concentrations of chloride and sulfate which were supplied from the magmatic gases. Micro-earthquakes cluster above this conductor, and the cut-off of the earthquakes corresponds to the top of the conductor. This conductor infers the presence of the fluid reservoir, and the upward release of these fluids from the reservoir through the conduit presumably triggers the micro-earthquakes at the peak area of the volcano. Crustal deformation modeling using GPS and leveling data of the past 10 years revealed that the center of the deflation coincides with the top of the second conductor, indicating that the fluid reservoir itself can be hosting the deformation.

We aimed to perform three-dimensional imaging of the underlying geothermal system to a depth of 2 km using magnetotellurics (MT) at around the Yugama crater, the Kusatsu–Shirane Volcano, Japan, which is known to have frequent phreatic eruptions. We deployed 91 MT sites focusing around the peak area of 2 km × 2 km with typical spacings of 200 m. The full tensor impedances and the magnetic transfer functions were inverted, using an unstructured tetrahedral finite element code to include the topographic effect. The final model showed (1) low-permeability bell-shaped clay cap (C1) as the near-surface conductor, (2) brine reservoir as a deep conductor (C3) at a depth of 1.5 km from the surface, and (3) a vertical conductor (C2) connecting the deep conductor to the clay cap which implies an established fluid path. The columnar high-seismicity distribution to the east of the C2 conductor implies that the flushed vapor and magmatic gas was released from the brine reservoir by breaking the silica cap at the brittle–ductile transition. The past magnetization/demagnetization sources and the inflation source of the 2014 unrest are located just below the clay cap, consistent with the clay capped geothermal model underlain by brine reservoir. The resistivity model showed the architecture of the magmatic–hydrothermal system, which can explain the episodic volcanic unrest.

The emergencies caused by the covid-19 pandemic include many things, one of them is education field which have a new regulation to learn from home. However, not all parents can follow the learning process from home, because not all parents have sufficient time or qualifications to accompany their children. In previous research studies, the topic of parenting learning was limited to research when conditions were normal, not during a pandemic like now. In this study, researchers discussed the importance of parenting education in facing the realities of the learning from home process during the pandemic covid-19. Researchers believe that the argument about family or parents is the basic foundation and important foundation in the learning process of children. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to parents of primary and secondary school children in four regions of East Java. Results indicated that parents reported quite high involvements in their children online learning during the pandemic. However, there are still some problems that exist regarding how to assist children, and the provision of learning facilities at home.

Industrial Revolution 4.0, as one of the main paradigms of the modern economy, requires higher education to straighten up to face this trend. Surabaya State University (UNESA) emphasizes the development of human resources (HR) as the main target of internal development in order to deal with industry 4.0. The academic community is encouraged to be sensitive to technology, by increasing intellectual capacity through civilization, training, competition, and / or schools. The study aims to identify the readiness of UNESA in facing challenges of Industrial Revolution 4.0. The implication of this research is to enrich the education management research about linking strategy between higher education and industry demand. The result showed that UNESA had moderate readiness in facing the challenges of Industrial Revolution 4.0 by deepening of intellectual capacity in the IT field through improving campus facilities and infrastructure, and procuring new learning technologies. Networking development with private sector is also becomes useful strategy in linking HR with the IT world related to Industry 4.0. Such a strategic effort under the prevailing laws and regulations enable UNESA to advance in pioneering the development of industry 4.0 on campus, especially for creating qualified graduates.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga dan kesehatan khususnya materi bola besar, yaitu dribble dan shooting. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain atau rancangan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan matching only design. Rancangan ini terdapat kelompok kontrol, kelompok eksperimen dengan adanya perlakuan, adanya pretest-posttest untuk memastikan efektifitas perlakuan yang diberikan. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dengan melakukan undian secara acak. Hasil uji paired sample t-test dalam kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan pada variabel dribble bola basket memiliki signifikansi 0,034 dan shooting bola basket memiliki signifikansi 0,029. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan dari penelitian ini bahwa model pembelajaran sirkuit berbasis pendekatan saintifik pada pembelajaran PJOK meningkatkan hasil belajar dribble dan shooting bola basket.

Papandayan is a hydrothermally active volcano in Indonesia. We revealed the subsurface structure around the Mas Crater area of Papandayan based on the magnetotelluric (MT) and geomagnetic (GM) method. For the MT method, 14 sounding stations were deployed and two of them are located close to the active fumaroles. We estimated the MT response functions using a remote reference and then modeled the data with the aid of a 1-D robust inversion. The resistivity structure can generally be divided into three layers, namely a thin resistive surface layer, a middle conductive layer, and a more resistive basement. We interpreted the middle layer to be the hydrothermal zone or clay mineral. For the GM method, we measured the total intensity at 19 data points. The IGRF and diurnal variation were subtracted from the raw data. We then obtained the 2-D magnetic susceptibility model of magnetic field anomaly using an Occam inversion. The model shows a significantly low susceptibility structure beneath the fumaroles which might correlate with thermally demagnetized rocks.

The focus of this research is to analyze how the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning in the Technical Implementation Unit, Personality Development Course Sriwijaya University during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is because this pandemic condition requires educators to find the right formulation in learning process of Islamic religious education. The learning process used at this time is the online method, which has both positive and negative impacts. In the actualization of its implementation there are obstacles from both students and educators. The purpose of this study was to find out how the stages of implementing Islamic Religious Education learning consisting of Planning, Organizing, Actuating and Controlling/Evaluating, as well as to find out the obstacles of its implementation. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. Where the data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the learning activity was in accordance with the application of Islamic Religious Education learning management principles during the Covid-19 period. Nevertheless, the facilities needed in the online learning process still need improvement, such as the use of content in E-Learning and the use of B3. The problems encountered were sometimes caused by a lack of internet signal. The level of technological readiness from this research is expected to be able to answer the challenges of lecturers at Sriwijaya University in particular and in general in the world of other education.

Learning, which focuses on higher-level thinking skills, can be applied in the physical education curriculum through games and sports, movement education, and outdoor education. This study aims to produce a learning model that effectively improves the physical fitness and critical thinking skills of students. Purposive sampling was used in selecting research sample members in which 308 (M: 153 and F: 155) fifth-grade students participated in this study. Two groups were selected as research subjects divided into small groups for the first stage test (N: 123; M: 56; F: 67; Average age: 10.82) and large groups for the second stage test (N: 185; M: 97; F: 88; Average age: 10.70). Five indicators of critical thinking skills were measured through a critical thinking skills instrument. Meanwhile, the indicators of physical fitness tests include BMI, Sit and Reach, Sit-Up, Trunk Lift, and PACER 20-M. The results showed that physical education, oriented towards peer observation carried out during the learning process, self-assessment carried out by students, and packed in the circuit learning method is proven to improve critical thinking skills and physical fitness.