Different parts of the plant Ficus glomerata Roxob was extracted with water and organic solvents. The effects of these extracts on blood sugar level of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were studied. The pet ether extract of the stem bark of the plant reduced the blood sugar level significantly. Extracts from fruit and latex of the plant did not have any significant effect on blood sugar level of these diabetic rats. The pet ether extract of the stem bark completely inhibited the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and arginase and activated the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat liver. Extracts from fruit and latex inhibited only glucose-6-phosphatase but not arginase from rat liver. A number of components from pet ether extract of the stem bark were isolated and purified. The effect of these purified components on pure enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were investigated. The chemical characterisation of some of these components were carried out.

Abstract. The modified cassava flour can be made using the method of the autoclaving cooling cycle (AAC). The stability of the warming can be seen from the decreasing value of breakdown viscosity, while the stability of the stirring process can be seen by the decreasing value of setback viscosity. The stages of research include:(1) the making of cassava flour, (2) the making of modified cassava flour by the method of treatment of ACC with a variety of flour concentration and autoclaving time, (3) chemical analysis of the moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate; The functional properties of the pasting characteristics to the initial temperature of the pasting, peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown viscosity, cold paste viscosity and setback viscosity. The result shows that cassava flour modified by treatment of flour concentration 16% and autoclaving time 41 minutes having pasting code and pasting viscosity which is resistant to high temperature. Flour with this character is flour that is expected to maintain the texture of processed products with a paste form that remains stable. Utilization of modified cassava flour by the ACC method can be applied to the pasting product such as noodle and spaghetti, hoping to support for food diversification program to reduce dependence on wheat flour in Indonesia.

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Abstract:The ringed shoots of litchi were treated with different concentrations of IBA for 2-5 seconds. According to the experimental results, maximum number of roots/plant (9.94), root length (10.94 cm), number of leaves/plants (10.55) and percent plants survival (77.77%) were recorded in layers treated with 2500 PPM of IBA, while minimum number of roots/plants (5.33), root length (5.49 cm), number of leaves/plants (6.11) and percent plants survival (33.33) were recorded in control treatment. Likewise layers treated with 2500 ppm of IBA rooted earlier (31.33 days) than control treatment (36 days).

Ananas comosus L. Merr. is asexually propagated through the conventional method from its crowns, slips, hapas, and suckers. Plant tissue culture technique is applied for mass production of clonal pineapple within a shorter period compared to conventional propagation. Hence, this research aims to study the effect of coconut water and optimum sucrose concentration for in vitro growth performance of pineapple. In addition, this research also aims at optimizing the fertilization mechanism for the acclimatization of clonal pineapple ex vitro. The in vitro regeneration was performed by adding a different volume of coconut water and concentration of sucrose into the prepared culture media supplemented with 2.00 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.00 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). For acclimatization method, two different types of fertilizer served as treatments which were compound fertilizers (NPK 15:15:15) and controlled-release fertilizer (AJIB CRF, NPKMg 10:5:18:3). The planting media consisted of topsoil, sand, and compost composition in a ratio of 2:1:2. Results showed that culture media contained 20.00 mL/L coconut water obtained the highest number of shoots (45.33±7.56). On the other hand, culture media supplemented with 30.00 g/L sucrose concentration showed the highest number of shoots (47.25±10.81). Meanwhile, the acclimatization method found that controlled-release fertilizer (AJIB CRF), NPKMg (10:5:18:3) showed about 90% of survival rate. The mean value for the number of leaves and leaves length (cm) in acclimatized clonal pineapple using Controlled-release fertilizer (AJIB CRF) were 5.48±0.96 and 6.00±1.04, respectively. Therefore, the addition of coconut water, optimum sucrose concentration, and the suitable type of fertilizer in both in vitro and ex vitro promote a better growth performance of clonal pineapple.

The nutrient solution circulation system is an important aspect to succeed in hydroponic cultivation. The surface height of the nutrient solution difference in the gravity system is part of the nutrient solution circulation system that uses electronic controls. It consists of a nutrient solution tub with a barrier separating the nutrient solution surface height. The nutrient solution tub is connected via a pipe to a drum containing a nutrient solution where its EC and pH are automatically controlled. The flow of the nutrient solution through the partition is necessary so that there is no shortage of nutrient solution in the tub containing a submersible pump due to pumping.

This study aimed to characterise starch properties of an improved cassava genotype generated from somaclonal variation, Revita RV1 and investigate its potential for fermentable sugar production. A total of six cassava genotypes including Revita RV1, Manggu, Adira 4, Menti, Kristal Merah and Roti were used for comparison analysis. Morphological properties of starch were observed using light microscope and electron microscope (SEM). Physico-chemical properties such as ratio of amylose and amylopectin, swelling power, syneresis, gelation capacity, and water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) were measured. Glucose from starch fermentation was determined by HPLC. The results showed there was variation in shape (irregular, rounded and truncated) and diameter of starch granule among the six genotypes ranged between 19 and 147 µm. The highest swelling power (SP) was obtained from starch of Menti (7.02 ± 0.30) and the lowest SP was starch of Adira 4 (5.94 ± 0.54). The other properties such as ratio of amylose and amylopectin, syneresis, and gelation capacityalso varied among tested cassava genotypes. HPLC quantification revealed that Roti and Revita RV1 produced fermentable sugar higher than other genotypes with glucose concentration of 110.77 g/L and 102.06 g/L, respectively. The lowest glucose concentration of 89.59 g/L was obtained from Menti. The efficiency of fermentable sugar/glucose production among cassava genotypes is more likely influenced by various properties of starch.