Constructivism learning theory is a theory that gives freedom to humans who want to learn or look for their needs with the ability to find their wants or needs with the help of others, so this theory provides activeness for humans to learn to find their own competencies, knowledge, or technology and other things that needed to develop itself. Constructivism learning theory holds that people produce knowledge and form meaning based on their experiences. In constructivism, learning is represented as a constructive process in which students build internal illustrations of knowledge, interpretations of personal experiences. Constructivism teaching is based on learning that occurs through the active involvement of students in the construction of meaning and knowledge. Teaching science from a constructivist perspective aims to give students knowledge of science in such a way that they not only understand the concepts and principles of science, but also the significance of science learning. The emphasis on constructivism and direct inquiry-oriented learning to promote children's conceptual knowledge by building on previous understanding, active involvement with subject content, and applications for real-world situations has been. A constructivist view emphasizes discovery, experimentation, and open problems. Teori belajar konstruktivisme adalah sebuah teori yang memberikan kebebasan terhadap manusia yang ingin belajar atau mencari kebutuhannya dengan kemampuan menemukan keinginan atau kebutuhannya tersebut dengan bantuan orang lain, sehingga teori ini memberikan keaktifan terhadap manusia untuk belajar menemukan sendiri kompetensi, pengetahuan, atau teknologi dan hal lain yang diperlukan guna mengembangkan dirinya sendiri. Teori pembelajaran konstruktivisme berpendapat bahwa orang menghasilkan pengetahuan dan membentuk makna berdasarkan pengalaman mereka. Dalam konstruktivisme, pembelajaran direpresentasikan sebagai proses konstruktif di mana pelajar membangun ilustrasi internal pengetahuan, interpretasi pengalaman pribadi. Pengajaran konstruktivisme didasarkan pada pembelajaran yang terjadi melalui keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam konstruksi makna dan pengetahuan. Pengajaran sains dari perspektif konstruktivisme bertujuan untuk memberikan siswa pengetahuan sains sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka tidak hanya memahami konsep dan prinsip sains, tetapi juga signifikansi dari pembelajaran sains.
AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengembangan media video penggunaan alat gelas di Laboratorium pada mahasiswa tahun I Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia, dengan tujuan menghasilkan video penggunaan alat gelas di laboratorium yang layak digunakan sebagai panduan mahasiswa program studi pendidikan kimia FKIP Universitas Khairun dalam melakukan praktikum. Media video pengguaan alat gelas di Laboratorium ini dikembangkan berdasarkan kaidah pengembangan media pembelajaran yang diadaptasi dari tahap pengembangan 4D. Metode pengembangan 4D memiliki 4 tahap pengembangan dinataranya: pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan dan penyebaran. Hasil pengembangan berupa video pengenalan dan penggunaan alat gelas di laboratorium dengan durasi 18 menit. Dari segi validitas media video, produk tersebut dinyatakan sangat valid oleh 3 orang validator dengan nilai rata-rata 3,81 dari skala 4 dengan kategori sangat valid. Produk media video juga diukur keterbacaannya oleh 10 mahasiswa prodi pendidikan kimia FKIP Universitas Khairun dengan persentase keterbacaan sebesar 79,17%. Sedangkan angka keterlaksanaan praktikum menggunakan panduan kedua video tersebut di Laboratorium sebesar 67,50%. Kata Kunci: Alat gelas laboratorium kimia; metode 4D, pengembangan video Video Development of Use of Chemical Laboratory Equipment in University Abstract
Sunscreen is an active ingredient capable of absorbing, reflecting, or dissipating UV radiation at a wavelength of 290-400 nm. Sunscreen cream can absorb at least 85 % of sunlight at a wavelength of 290-320 nm [1]. Exposure to excessive sunlight can cause skin wrinkles, black spots, premature aging to cause skin cancer. Ultraviolet rays can be divided into UV-A with wavelengths of 320-400 nm and UV-B rays with wavelengths 280-320 nm and UV-C rays of 100-280 nm length [2]. UV-A rays have less energy than UV-B and UV-C, but have a greater light identity up to the surface of the earth, causing skin discolouration to reddish brown. UV-B rays have greater energy than UV-A but fewer light intensities reach the surface of the earth so that less effect on the body. While UV-C rays are the highest and most dangerous UV rays among other UV rays but will naturally be absorbed by the ozone layer in atmospheres [3]. One way that is done to overcome this is with the use of sunscreen cream. Sunscreen is a compound that can be used to protect the skin from sunburn, especially ultra violet (UV). To protect the skin from UV radiation, it is made cosmetic sunscreen that can absorb ultraviolet rays from sunlight effectively. Sunscreen material can be obtained synthetically or naturally. Synthetic sunscreen materials are often used in sunscreen preparations as physical and chemical absorber. For UV blockers physically commonly used TiO 2 and ZnO to block UVB/UVA [4]. The
This article discusses the influence of learning support processes and resources in the knowledge of ChemicalLaboratory skills of high school students in Ternate Island. The learning process of chemistry in high schoolespecially on laboratory, related to time/schedule allocation, practical purpose and achievement indicator in skill areabecome the focus of discussion on this aspect. While the supporting resources of learning, more emphasized onaspects of facilities and infrastructure such as the availability of educators, laboratory buildings, tools and chemicalsthat are based on the value of accreditation Senior High School in Ternate Island. in this study using 3 methods ofcollecting data such as survey techniques in schools, interview with teachers in schools and tests students' lab skills.The results showed that the knowledge of high school students' lab skills on Ternate Island is getting higher inschools with better accreditation. Skill Knowledge of High School Students in Ternate Island is still in the lowcategory on the glass organizing aspect at the laboratory.
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