Earthquake catastrophe bond pricing models (ECBPMs) employ extreme value theory (EVT) to predict severe losses, although studies on EVT’s use in ECBPMs are still rare. Therefore, this study aimed to use a mini-review approach (MRA) to examine the use of EVT and identify the gaps and weaknesses in the methods or models developed. The MRA stages include planning, search and selection, analysis, and interpretation of the results. The selection results showed five articles regarding the application of EVT in ECBPMs. Furthermore, the analysis found the following: First, the generalized extreme value (GEV) could eliminate extreme data in a period. Second, the trigger model using two parameters is better than one, but the study did not discuss the joint distribution of the two parameters. Third, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) allows negative values. Fourth, Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) in-coupon modeling is less effective in depicting the real picture. This is because it has a constant volatility assumption and cannot describe jumps due to monetary policy. Based on these limitations, it is hoped that future studies can develop an ECBPM that reduces the moral hazard.

In this paper we examined the regulatory roles of triglycerides level in three distinct phases of human blood pressure. We used one way ANOVA approached to distinguish the three distinct conditions, which is normal, borderline and hypertensive. According to our results, the systolic blood pressure highly significant different (F (2, 997) = 3.595, p = 0.028) across the three distinct phases. We also applied multiple linear regression (MLR) method in order to assess the associated factor of triglycerides level according to the three distinct phases as discussed in ANOVA analysis. In addition, we applied response surface methodology to examine the relationship between triglycerides and a set of quantitative experimental variables. The statistical analyses revealed that there are partially significant differences due to the different distinct phases of blood pressure. The associated factors of triglycerides were total of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and proconvertin. All the variables were statistically significant across the three main conditions. These initial findings from three distinct phases denote that there a negative association between triglycerides level and HDL cholesterol. This finding shows that the factor of triglycerides level might be a valuable marker of atherosclerosis in three distinct phases of blood pressure.

This paper discusses the mathematics formulation of determining the profit sharing ratio for Islamic hire-purchase contract named Al-Ijarah Thumma Al-Bai' or AITAB. This paper presents an approach which maximizes the profits of the hire-purchase participating parties by implementing the fair profit sharing ratio determination mentioned in the profit sharing concept with stochastic optimization technique. Then the validation of the model is also given.

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Hypertension is one of the important public health challenges worldwide because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. A hypertension model is built to test the interaction and significance between the factors. In this present paper, we present the results that gained from multiple logistic regression method and used to model the relationship between the ordinal outcome variable. The significant variables is chosen based on the p-value associated to the significant level of model that lies on α = 0.05. Logit determination and the correlation between the variables are also discussed for further analysis. there are three factors that most significant of the six factors tested were identified as having influence significantly the performance of human blood pressure (hypertension). These factors are age (p-value <0.000), body mass index (p-value <0.001) and systolic (p-value <0.001). The use of mathematical software PASW version 18 is applied in this research as an alternatives calculation procedures derived from the methodology.