BACKGROUND: The measures developed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic caused fear, stress and anxiety in people over time. It was reported that pandemic fatigue, associated with the gradual loss of motivation to follow the implemented protective measures, emerged in societies. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional-methodological study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the Pandemic Fatigue Scale, developed by Lilleholt et al. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PFS. 1149 participants from all regions in Turkey participated. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. RESULTS: As a result of the KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, the scale was suitable for the factor analysis. According to EFA, the scale has two sub-factors. The first sub-factor explained 48.7%, and the second sub-factor explained 16.7% of the total variance. Factor loadings of items varied between 0.67 0.89. CFA shows that acceptable fit values were obtained for the RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, CFI, NFI and IFI fit indices. CONCLUSIONS: The results support that PFS is a valid and reliable screening tool that can be used to measure the phenomenon of pandemic fatigue.
Finans dünyası son yıllarda değişen enstrümanları ile yoğun bir ilgi görmektedir. Teknolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte hemen her kesimden insanın finansal araçlarda yatırım yapma imkanı doğmuştur. Bu yönü ile hem küçük hem de büyük yatırımcılar uluslararası piyasalarda hareket edebilme kabiliyeti kazandılar. Genel anlamda erişim kolaylığı yatırımcı açısından bazı kolaylıklar getirse de bazı sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Özellikle yüksek kazanç veya kayıplar kişilerin ruh hallerini doğrudan etkilemektedirler. Ayrıca dışarıdan müdahaleye açık yatırımlar da ise ani yükseliş ve düşmeler yatırımcıların yoğun takibini zorunlu kılmaktadır. İlk başlarda sadece maddeyle ilişkilendirilen bağımlılık kavramı, DSM-5'te "Madde ile ilişkili ve bağımlılık bozuklukları" kategorisi madde ile ilişkili özellik gösteren ancak doğrudan madde alımı sonucu olmayan bağımlılıklar konusunu gündeme getirdi. Özellikle patolojik kumar alışkanlığı bu konuda öncü niteliktedir. Ayrıca oyun, internet alışveriş gibi güncel yaşam içerisindeki davranışlar madde sonucu oluşan bağımlılıkların bazı özelliklerini gösterdiğine yönelik literatürde çalışmalar artmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile finans sektöründe karşılaşılan davranışsal bağımlılıklar ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ortaya koymaya çalışılmış ayrıca son zamanlarda yoğun kullanım bulan ve yüksek risk faktörü barındıran sorunlu kripto para ticareti hakkında derleme bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır Anahtar kelimeler; Davranışsal bağımlılık, Patolojik Ticaret,
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the rate of smartphone addiction in university students, factors that influence this addiction and the relationship between smartphone usage and headache. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling was performed using the sample determination formula for a known population. In the collection of data, socio-demographic characteristics, variables related to headache and “The Smartphone Addiction Inventory – Short Form (SPAI-SF)” were used. Data were evaluated using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the independent t-test, the Chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis, and were expressed as counts, percentages and mean±standard deviation. Results: Of the participants, 56.6% were female, 43.4% were male; 55.2% were aged 20 and under, 61.4% were living with their parents and 33.5% were living in a dormitory. 86.3% of the students stated that they used their smartphones for messaging and/or calling, 72.7% for internet, 69.4% for social media etc. While 32.7% of the students were addicted to their smartphones, 67.7% were not. A significant relationship was found between the status of smartphone addiction of the students and the frequency of headaches, the severity of headaches, the duration of daily smartphone usage and the duration of smartphone usage before sleep (p
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