Each agrarian society had knowledge about how to interact with and understand nature. Some knowledge gained from nature were recorded and codified as inheritable knowledge from generation to generation. As in Buginese who lived at the southern part of the island of Sulawesi has such as knowledge that was named "Pananrang" or "Lontara Laongruma". The Pananrang was a knowledge developed based on lunar system (qamariah) as a reference for the farmer in estimating the season, time of planting and so on. The pananrang used as source of information in this article owned by a well experince and knowlegable farmer in District of Wajo, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It was found that knowledge in panarang was developed based on the principle of regularity of events through 8 years (sipariama) observation. It contain rich of knowledge about farming and other everyday activities in yearly, monthly, and daily time period. It is found that the Pananrang which contains rich knowledge about farming that is still used by majority of Bugineses farmers as source of information in making decision on their farms. It is concluded that the pananrang is valuable and functional knowledge that can be used as a partner for modern scientific knowledge in promoting agriculture development.
<p> </p><p>Kelembagaan dalam pengembangan agribisnis gula merupakan upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup masyara-kat tani, yang dicapai melalui investasi teknologi, pengembangan produktivitas tenaga kerja, pembangunan sarana ekonomi, serta penataannya, sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya alam. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi berkaitan dengan agribisnis gula, yaitu (1) produktivitas yang cenderung turun yang disebab-kan antara lain karena penerapan teknologi <em>on farm</em> dan efisiensi pabrik gula yang rendah; (2) impor gula yang semakin meningkat; (3) harga gula domestik tidak stabil yang disebabkan oleh sistem distribusi yang kurang efisien dan (4) pemanfaatan kelembagaan penunjang agribisnis. Dilihat dari berbagai aspek,seperti potensisumberdayayang dimiliki, arah kebijakan pembangunan nasional, potensi pasar domestik produk-produk agribisnis, Sulawesi Selatan memiliki prospek untuk mengembangkan sistem agribisnis gula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwasistem agribisnis gula meliputi beberapa subsistem yang terdiri atas subsistem hulu, sub-sistem <em>on farm</em>, subsistem hilir, dan subsistem lembaga penunjang agribisnis yang masing-masing memiliki peran dan sebagai sebuah sistem yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lainnya, saling menyatu dan saling terkait. Secara integral terkait antara sektor perkebunan di <em>on farm</em> dan sektor industri di hulu dan hilir, kon-disi inilah yang akan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang baik secara nasional.</p><p> </p><p>Institutions in the sugar agribusiness is efforts to increase the quality of life of farmers, which is achieved through technology investment, the development of labor productivity, the development of the economy, as well as arrangement of human and natural resources. The main problems associated with sugar agribusiness, namely: (1) productivity tends to decline due in part because the application of the technology on farm and factory efficiency of sugar mill is low, (2) increasing sugar imports, (3) the price of domestic sugar unstable due to the inefficient distribution system, and (4) the utilization of institutional support agribusiness. Viewed from various aspects, such as the potential resources, the direction of national development policies, domes-tic market potential for the products of agribusiness, South Sulawesi has the prospect to develop the sugar agribusiness system. The results showed that the sugar agribusiness system includes multiple subsystems consisting of upstream subsystems, on farm subsystems, and downstream subsystem. Those support agri-business institutions that each have a role and as a system, which can not be separated from each other, merge with each other and mutually related. Integrally, related to the plantation sector in the industrial sec-torona frame of upstream as well as downstream, would create the conditions foreconomic growth nationally.</p>
Assessment of three IAARD maize productivity was conducted in Tobadak sub-district, Central Mamuju. The purpose of the assessment was to determine the productivity of three IAARD hybrid maize. The area of study 3 ha, applying Integrated Crop Management (ICM) models. Varieties which assessment Nasa 29, JH 37 and JH 45, and NK 212 as comparison variety. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design which 3 times replication. Observations were made on the growth and maize yield. Based on the results of mapping of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development (ICALRRD), land suitability classes for maize in Central Mamuju Regency which are quite suitable (S2) and marginal (S3) are 4,308 ha and 87,889 ha respectively, while that not suitability (N) covering an area of 193,441 ha with limiting factors including nutrient retention, nutrient availability, water availability, and root media. The studied was show that IARRD hybrid maize can increase productivity. The results showed that Nasa 29, JH 37, and JH 45 respectively gave yields 12.87 Mg, 9.02 Mg, and 7.77 Mg ha-1, higher than the average maize yield achieved in West Sulawesi and Central Mamuju Regency, each 4.70 Mg ha-1and 5.19 Mg ha-1. Nasa 29 gave higher yields and was significantly different compared to NK 212 (9.65 Mg ha-1) as comparison variety, and JH 37 variety was not significantly different with NK 212, but while JH 45 variety had lower results and was significantly different with NK 212. Nasa 29 and JH 37 varieties have the opportunity to be developed in Tobadak district, Central Mamuju, West Sulawesi.
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