The study aims to develop theoretical foundations, methods of forming research skills of pupils in biological education, and experimental substantiation of its effectiveness. The following methods were used: analysis of psychological and pedagogical, biological, scientific, and methodological literature, the definition of the theory, the innovative methods of biological education, practical work, pedagogical practice, control, questionnaires, interviews, statistical analysis, identification, and implementation of training experiments. It is proposed to develop methods and determine the content of the formation of research competence through project activities, conduct and introduce them into the educational process. It is necessary to analyze the psychological, pedagogical, biological, scientific, and methodological literature to determine the theory, innovative methods of biological education, the organization of practical work, pedagogical practice, using a statistical method, which will lead to the creation of a methodology for the formation of research skills of pupils. Keywords: project-based learning, research, methodology, reflection, group work.
Paper provides an overview of the therapeutic, morphological, anatomical and phytochemical features of Plantago major L. For studies, plant samples were collected four times from April to September 2018 in the Almaty region, with freshly harvested plants used for morphological and anatomical studies, and specially dried leaves used for phytochemical studies. Anatomical sections were produced using the classic blade method. Chemical composition, including vitamins B1 (thiamine chloride), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), C (ascorbic acid), E (tocopherol), tannins was studied at the research laboratory for assessing the quality and safety of food products of the Almaty Technological University. Vitamins were determined according to the State Standard 31483-2012, with the help of the device "Kapel105-M" by the method of capillary electrophoresis (M-04-41-2005). Tannins were estimated by titration of margon-acid potassium using the classical method according to the State Standard 24027.2-80. As a result of a phytochemical study, large amount of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) was determined among vitamins, on average of 0.432 mg/100g. This means that preparations obtained from Plantago major L. can be used in the treatment of bleeding gums, against viral and other diseases. However, vitamin E was not detected in the plant. Amount of tannins was around 77.94 mg/100g; which indicates its high antimicrobial, hemostatic properties and prevents the replenishment of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of this study can be used as an additional material in the educational process in such courses as "Botany", "Medicinal plants", "Anatomy and morphology of plants".
The article considers studies designed to justify the types of pathogens of tomatoes that occur during vegetation and storage, and measures to combat them. The work was carried out in 2019 on a land plot near the rural districts of Babaykorgan, Zhuynek, and Issa of the Turkestan region. As it became known, the growth period of vegetable seedlings depends on the temperature of the soil. In our experience, the seed material was planted in the open ground in early April. The soil was very hot and moist. Depending on the culture and varietal characteristics, the sprouts appeared on 6-15 days after sowing. The results of phytopathological control showed that various varieties of all types of tomatoes were affected by phytopathogenic microorganisms. During the growing season, the most dangerous disease in tomato fruit was apical rot of the fruit, which led to a significant decrease in the yield. The leaves are widely developed early blight and verticillus. Late blight at the end of the growing season was observed in full on both leaves and fruits (developed during fruit storage). When growing tomato crops at two sites was dominated by late blight, early blight, verticillus, viral diseases and apical rot. Based on the results of phytopathological control, it can be concluded that the number of fungal diseases prevailed in plot 1, which is associated with frequent irrigation on this site, its shading and a large number of fruits on plants. Viral diseases prevailed in plot 2, which is explained by weeds clogging the plot.
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