Plants represent a significant part of the human diet. Humans have utilized every part of plants for survival, and seeds are no exception. Seeds offer high protein, unsaturated fats, fibre, essential vitamins, and minerals for various food applications. They are also a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds, where various phytochemicals, such as polyphenolic compounds, capable of maintaining and improving well-being, are present in abundant quantities. Plants from Malvaceae and Cannabaceae families are known for their fibre-rich stems that benefit humankind by serving numerous purposes. For many centuries they have been exploited extensively for various commercial and industrial uses. Their seeds, which are often regarded as a by-product of fibre processing, have been scientifically discovered to have an essential role in combating hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and oxidative stress. Maximizing the use of these agricultural wastes can be a promising approach to creating a more sustainable world, in accordance with the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Hydration of kenaf seed was studied at 25, 35 45, 55 and 65 °C by the method of weight gain until equilibrium was achieved along with the physicochemical properties of the seed. The results showed that the kenaf seed had a small dimension and brownish surface color. Water absorbed during soaking was a function of soaking time and temperature. Soaking at higher temperatures increased the hydration rate constant and decreased the soaking time needed to reach equilibrium. Sigmoidal, Peleg and Page models effectively described the hydration characteristics of the seed under the soaking temperatures. The half-saturation time; τ, Peleg' s rate constant; K1 and Page rate constant K3 decreased from 199.78-32.97 min, 2.55-0.47 min/% and 3.14-2.74 min/%, respectively, while the sigmoidal rate constant; K increased from 0.85-6.83 min-1 with an increase in soaking temperature from 25-65 °C. The rate of water absorption of the seed at a higher temperature was faster. The temperature dependence of K was explained by the Arrhenius equation, from which activation energy of 71.31 KJ/mol was obtained.
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