Abstract. This study investigates the chemical and morphological characteristics of cassava peel (CP) biomass as a potential coagulant aid for turbidity, heavy metals and microbial removal. FE-SEM micrograph shown the surface of the CP samples was covered with smooth and globular in shaped of bound starch granules. FTIR spectra demonstrated that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were present in abundance. Whereas analysis by XRF spectrometry indicated the CP samples contain Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 which might contribute to its coagulation ability. The features of CP obtained from this study promotes the feasibility of CP to be further developed and studied to produce effective coagulant aid as sustainable alternative to reduce the usage of chemical coagulants.
The agricultural and food processing industries generate a significant portion of residues, refuse and waste. Conversion of these wastes into useful end product would be beneficial not only to the economy but also the environment as it reducing the solid waste disposal problem. The present study was aimed to investigate the performance of cassava peel starch (CPS) extracted from cassava peel waste in combination with alum to act as dual coagulant for turbidity removal in raw water from Sembrong dam. Comparative studies by employing both alum and CPS as primary coagulant using several series of Jar test were also conducted. Results showed that the usage of alum-CPS as dual coagulant not only enhanced the turbidity removal with maximum achievement up to 91.47%, but also significantly improve the coagulation process by reducing both alum dosage and settling time up to 50% which indicates broad prospects to be further developed as emerging green coagulant.
Abstract.Excess phosphorus in water body will lead to eutrophication. This study investigated the phosphate removal efficiencies of unaerated and aerated filter systems using high composition of Calcium (Ca) steel slag as the filter media at different pH values of the wastewater influents. Lab-scale filters were developed using 25 mg/L synthetic wastewater and weekly sampling was done to monitor the phosphate removal efficiencies together with the concentration of metals (Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). The results show that both unaerated and aerated systems have excellent phosphate removal efficiency at all acidic, neutral and alkaline pH feed, though unaerated systems removed slightly better compared to aerated systems; 76-98% and 69-97% respectively. The dominant phosphate removal mechanism for aerated systems was adsorption, meanwhilefor unaerated systems; both adsorption and precipitation for acidic and neutral pH, whileprecipitation was more dominant at basic pH. The performance of unaerated systems are slightly better compared to aerated systems, however, aerated systems are recommended to be applied when simultaneous removal of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) are concerned.
Treatment of leachate before discharge is crucial to ensure the safety of the environment. Application of coagulation-flocculation in reducing pollutant from leachate was proven to be effective. However the use of chemical coagulant will indirectly affect the health of living organisms. To reduce the affect, substitution of the chemical coagulant with natural material can be used. Natural coagulant on leachate treatment was not as effective as chemical coagulant. However, the benefits of natural polymer as coagulants aids had been proven previously. Combination of chemical and natural coagulant as composite coagulant is able to simplify the process and offers many benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of composite coagulant made from combination of prehydrolyzed iron (PHI) and tapioca flour (TF) on partially stabilized leachate and was evaluated through percentage removals of suspended solids (SS), colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia. A series of coagulation-flocculation jar test were carried out by considering the effect of dose and pH. Results indicated that at pH 5 and dose 0.2 g/L Fe, the percentage removals of SS, colour, COD and ammonia were 98%, 96%, 60% and 11%, respectively. The results demonstrated that PHITF can be a potential coagulant for the treatment of partially stabilized leachate.
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