Thinking critically entails rationality principles, which is seen as an essential ability that must be polished by everyone to acquire and use the ability in daily lives. Evidently the Greek philosopher Socrates set the agenda for critical thinking. He believed no idea can be taught directly, and helped his students reach a deep level of understanding and thinking by questioning the underlying beliefs and assumptions. Learning to think is a vital skill that needs to be taught from an early stage to solve problems and make decisions effectively. Henceforth, Socratic questioning is one of the approaches used by educators in schools and universities to produce intelligent thoughts and give new recommendations to address incumbent issues that are related to philosophical and critical thinking skills. Therefore, this paper attempts to highlight the Socratic questioning as a philosophical approach to develop critical thinking among students. The paper further accentuates the conceptual clarification; the Socratic questioning approach; the strength of Socratic questioning; the role of Socratic questioning in developing critical thinking skills and the limitation of Socratic questioning. Finally, the paper emphasises that teaching Socratic questioning provides students with an excellent atmosphere of satisfying one’s curiosity and a compliment that leads to the solution of philosophical problems determined by critical thinking skills.
Learning activities to develop students' character learning discipline at the junior high school level has given rise to difficulties for teachers and students. The paper aims to describe the form of student learning discipline behavior and analyze the role of teachers and principals during the learning process. The article is based on data collected from the results of the spread of open questionnaires to 30 students in three schools in East Java province. In addition, the research data was also obtained through interviews with 12 teachers and two principals. The results showed that principals and teachers have a significant role in determining the success of online learning. The principal's role in making flexible policies has been a determinant of the success of online learning. Likewise, the positive attitude of teachers towards students has contributed to the successful development of student learning disciplines. The paper suggests the need for more in-depth data retrieval methods to understand cases better.
Islamic religious education learning strategies are techniques, procedures, and learning models used so that the teachings of the Islamic religion can be studied, understood, internalized, and practiced in everyday life. This is nothing but an effort to shape the religious character of students in order to create a religious society. This study aims to describe; planning PAI learning strategies in shaping religious characters, implementing PAI learning strategies in shaping religious characters, and describing the impact of PAI learning strategies in shaping students' religious characters at MTs Assa'adah I Bungah Gresik. The research method in this study uses a qualitative type with a case study approach. This study succeeded in finding that: 1) PAI learning strategies in shaping students' religious character in preparing lesson plans and evaluating learning; 2) The implementation of strengthening religious values as student characters is carried out through strategies for understanding, habituation, and exemplary religious values; 3) The religious values developed include worship, the value of the spirit of jihad, the value of trust and sincerity, the value of morals and discipline, and the value of exemplary.
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