Black spot disease is a significant worldwide disease on the rose plant. Due to this infection, the leaves become yellow and eventually fall off. The occurrence of this disease has become a major problem, especially in landscape purpose. Therefore, this research was conducted to isolate fungal species from black spot disease in rose and identify using morphological characteristics. Then, all the isolates were tested for pathogenicity to confirm Koch’s postulates. In this study, four fungal isolates have been successfully isolated from black spot disease in rose namely Rhizoctonia sp. (one isolate), Colletotrichum sp. (two isolates) and Penicillium sp. (one isolate). Based on pathogenicity test result using potato dextrose agar (PDA) plug technique, fungus UMTT27R (Penicillium sp.) showed highly pathogenic on rose’s leaves with disease severity (DS) = 88.89% followed by UMTT13R (Colletotrichum sp.) with DS=72.22%, UMTT21R (Colletotrichum sp.) with DS=66.67% and UMTT4R (Rhizoctonia sp.) with DS=61.11%. Correct identification of fungal pathogens is very important to strategize a proper method to control the black spot disease in rose cultivation.
Chili is an important vegetable fruit but is commonly attacked by anthracnose disease during field or storage. A current practical method to control this disease is through synthetic fungicides. Although it shows the effective result, repetitive application of chemical fungicides may build up resistant pathogens, expose the risk to human health, and be regarded as not eco-friendly to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of several extracts and their potential to control Colletotrichum sp. in harvested chili. For this purpose, several plant extracts namely garlic, ginger, dragon fruit peel (DFP), and milk were used with the concentration ranged from 5 to 20%. All these extracts and milk were tested through in vitro antifungal assay and in vivo antifungal assay directly on the detached chili. The results show that garlic, ginger, and DFP were able to significantly inhibit the fungal pathogen of Colletotrichum sp. through in vitro study with p<0.05. Based on in vivo study, the only chili treated with 20% garlic extract, 20% ginger extract, and fungicide recorded a significantly lower percentage of disease severity (ds) as compared to the other extracts. Both 20% garlic and 20% ginger extracts showed good potential to inhibit the fungal pathogen. Therefore, the application of natural extracts should be focused and practically used as a control strategy in integrated pest management for plant disease, especially in chili production. This control measure is expected to reduce yield losses, operational cost while mitigating the environmental contamination due to overdose chemical residue.
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