An evaluation of a farmer field school (FFS) program for chili peppers was conducted to measure impacts on farmers' knowledge of chili pepper integrated crop management (ICM) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Chili production was selected as the target intervention topic because of its importance in Aceh's economy. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to assess impacts of FFS; 270 FFS-graduate farmers were interviewed and eight farmer groups were surveyed. By integrating descriptive and simple statistical analyses, we measure immediate impacts of FFS, which also makes this study's methods and findings different from others in the literature. The results show that farmers' knowledge on agricultural practices increased significantly due to FFS. In addition, in the future, farmers expected that their chili yields would increase and their pesticide use would decrease. FFS improved farmer cohesiveness and information sharing. Farmers' knowledge of insect pests, diseases and natural enemies increased considerably, as did their awareness of pesticide-related hazards. In sum, FFS successfully The authors thank the farmers in Aceh province who generously gave their time to provide information on crop production practices. The authors acknowledge the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) for the grant support to AVRDC
nSARS-CoV2 causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome that involves exacerbated pro-inflammatory cytokines hyperproduction. ZICURMA, zing-curcuma is a tonic developed from ginger, turmeric, and curcuma that may be adequate to remedy nSARS-CoV2 infections. Therefore, this study aims to predict the effectiveness and possible inhibition of potentially bioactive compounds in ZICURMA against pro-inflammatory cytokines through a molecular docking approach. Three bioactive compounds were identified and extracted from KnapSackFamily, namely bisacumol, curcumin and desmetoxycurcumin; then, the 3D structures were generated from PubChem. The protein targets were prepared using an open babel program integrated into PyRx 0.8; there were TN-α, IL-6 / IL-6R, and IL-1 / IL-1R, respectively. The results showed that the ligands had moderate to solid binding affinity with values ranging from –5.0 kcal/mol to –9.0 kcal/mol. However, it offers a mismatch of bonds, including between curcumin compounds and IL-6, IL-6R, IL-1R and IL-1ß. In silico simulation proves that the bioactive compound in ZICURMA does not allow binding to IL-6, IL-6R, IL-1R and IL-1ß proteins. However, it cannot be used as a standard reference to determine the feasibility of bisacumol, desmethoxycurcumin, and curcumin as an anti-viral candidate. Further in-vitro researches should be conducted to validate the potency of ZICURMA as an anti-viral infection. HIGHLIGHTS The main finding of this research includes: The ZIRCUMA or a tonic beverage produced using Zingiber officinale (ginger), Curcuma domestica (turmeric) and C. xanthorhiza (curcuma) contain three most identical bioactive compound, bisacumol, curcumin, and desmethoxycurcumin Bisacumol, curcumin, and desmethoxycurcumin potentially have a strong interact to inflammatory cytokine (that involved in COVID-19 infection) in in-silico simulation The binding interaction is dominated by conventional H-bonds that representing a strong type of interaction. However, the presence of unfavorable donor-donor and unfavorable acceptor-acceptor binding in several interaction should be noted as a possible incompatibility junction Even though it has a strong interaction in in-silico model, the main bioavailability mechanism of bisacumol, curcumin, and desmethoxycurcumin as immunomodulator related to the COVID-19 systemic inflammation in lung organ still unclear GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with hyperglycemia often experience slow wound healing due to poor circulation. Extract from the striped snakehead fish Channa striata has anti-inflammatory properties and a high albumin level. It has been widely used to accelerate wound healing in a post-operative setting. AIM: This study evaluated the effect of the C. striata extract Pujimin Plus® on the albumin serum level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in hyperglycemic rats experiencing wound injury. METHODS: This randomized controlled experiment was performed in 30 streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were intentionally wounded, and the albumin and NLR levels were evaluated regularly. Overall, 15 rats in the intervention group were given 81 mg/day C. striata extract, and 15 rats in the control group received sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose as a placebo for 10 days. RESULTS: After 10 days of intervention the albumin level in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (2.66 ± 0.36 vs. 2.46 ± 0.13 g/dL, p > 0.05); the intervention group also showed a lower neutrophil level (23.22% vs. 26.98%, p > 0.05), a higher lymphocyte level (65.66% vs. 62.16%, p > 0.05), and a lower NLR value (0.37 vs. 0.45, p > 0.05). None of these results was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There was a possible positive effect of C. striata extract on albumin serum level and NLR value following wound injury in hyperglycemic rats.
Implementation of rice extension as an effort to support the Program Upaya Khusus Peningkatan Produksi Padi, Jagung dan Kedelai (Upsus Pajale) in Central Java Province. The extension of Integrated Crop Management (IPM) of rice technology aims to encourage farmers to implement the technology. The selection of extension methods affects farmers' acceptance of the IPM of rice. This study aims to examine the methods and media of extension used to disseminate IPM of rice and how farmers respond to extension methods and extension media. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data collection using survey techniques from September 2018 to March 2019. Respondents from 153 farmers were in 6 districts / cities, Purbalingga Regency, Tegal Regency, Magelang Regency, Purworejo Regency, Magelang City and Semarang City. The results showed that during the program period, extension worker used a variety of extension methods. Based on the target number, the extension worker used two extension methods, namely the group approach and the individual approach. Based on the recipient's senses, the extension worker used methods that prioritize the sense of sight, sense of hearing and a combination of sense of acceptance. The type of communication used is direct and indirect communication using print media, electronic media, and sometimes social media. Farmers think the extension method, extension media and extension tools are good enough. The response of farmers who rate is good enough can be an indicator that the implementation of extension is going well enough. For the implementation of extension services in the future, it is recommended that extension agents choose extension methods that are more appropriate for farmers so that the extension goals are achieved optimally.
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