Ozone (O3) have many adverse impacts toward the living human, environment and O3 formed through the photochemical reaction with the aid of sunlight. Therefore, this study focused on the determination of O3, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction) three residential area namely Taman Tun Dr Ismail Jaya, Selangor as the urban area, Taman Delima, Sungai Petani, Kedah as the sub urban area and Taman Kifayah, Jeli, Kelantan as the rural area. The monitoring were continuously done for three days in 24 hours from 12 a.m. until 12 a.m. per day at each site. Aeroqual S500 series and weather station model RK900-01 were used to measure O3, NO, NO2 concentrations and meteorological parameters. The concentration of O3, NO, NO2 and the meteorological parameters were determined and O3 concentration was compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Among the studied areas, the highest mean O3 concentration was recorded in Taman Delima, Sungai Petani with 35.2 ppb followed by Tun Dr Ismail Jaya with 33.3 ppb. Result suggested that sub urban areas showed higher mean O3 concentration compared to urban area which might linked to the availability of the O3 precursors in the area. As expected, the lowest mean O3 concentration recorded at Taman Kifayah, Jeli with 12.1 ppb as the area have limited O3 precursor’s sources. However, the ozone concentration at three residential areas were still under permissible level according to Recommended Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (RMAAQ).
This study aims to investigate the fluctuation characteristics and source signature of ground level ozone (GLO) at a receptor site in commercial urban-industrial and suburban industrial area in Shah Alam, Selangor, and Bakar Arang are hot spots for industrialization. The fluctuation characteristics of ozone in industrial is determined using critical conversion time (CCT) and introduce the Critical Transformation Time (CTT) using secondary data from 2000 to 2011. We also use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the primary sources from atmospheric parameter and meteorological parameter. It was observed that suburban Bakar Arang has earlier CCT between 8.00 a.m. and 9.00 a.m. compared to Shah Alam where CCT occurred between 10.00 to 11.00 a.m. Results of PCA indicate ozone CCT fluctuation contribution in Shah Alam by primary air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, CH4) and meteorological influence are 64.1% and 41.5%, respectively, higher than that in Bakar Arang. The use of CCT and CTT show specific time range of ozone production and destruction. These sources of compounds lead to formation of GLO and affecting the CCT. The application of CTT could be a signal of the urgent need to manage nitrogen emission from commercial industrial areas.
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