Exessive use of inorganic fertilizers in rice production systems, causes various negative effects in the environemnt, such as reducing soil fertility and increases pollution, which disturbs agricultural sustainability. Understanding raw materials for developing organic fertilizers which are cheap and adaptive to our environment, is an important study recently. Many researchers reported that brown algae could increase growth and yield of several species of plants. This due to brown algae extract contain plant growth hormone and essential elements to stimulate growth and production of plants. This article report growth and yield of rice plants suplied with mixtured extract of brown algae. Several species of brown algae were collected in coastal beach of Lombok. The seaweeds were cutted into small peaces, extracted with boiled water for 30 minute and filtered using filter whatman no.1 to get solid and liquid extract. Mixtured solid extracts were added in soil media. On the other hand, the mixtured liquid extracts were sprayed to rice plants during vegetative growth. The results shown that mixtured solid extracts increased growth and yield of rice plants. However, mixtured liquid extract did not stimulate growth and yield of rice plants. This suggests that brown algae is a potential raw material for development of organic fertilizers, which are adaptive to environment to support sustainable agriculture.
The red macroalga Gelidium latifolium is widely distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia. However, current knowledge on its potential biological activities is still limited. In this study, we investigated the potential bioactive compounds in Gelidium latifolium ethanol extract (GLE), and its cytotoxic effects against the murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line. GLE shows high total phenolic content (107.06 ± 17.42 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (151.77 ± 3.45 mg QE/g), which potentially contribute to its potential antioxidant activity (DPPH = 650.42 ± 2.01 µg/mL; ABTS = 557.01 ± 1.94 µg/mL). ESI-HR-TOF-MS analysis revealed large absorption in the [M-H]- of 327.2339 m/z, corresponding to the monoisotopic molecular mass of brassicolene. The presence of this compound potentially contributes to GLE’s cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 84.29 ± 1.93 µg/mL). Furthermore, GLE significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (66.83 ± 3.06%) compared to controls (18.83 ± 3.76%). Apoptosis was also confirmed by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (i.e., p53, Bax, Bak, and Bcl2). Downregulated expression of Bcl2 indicates an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Current results suggest that components of Gelidium latifolium should be further investigated as possible sources of novel antitumor drugs.
Excessive use of chemical fertilizer could potentially decrease soil productivity by decreasing soil microbiome diversity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermented seaweed fertilizer in the soil microbial community of paddy plants (Oryza sativa L.). The paddy seedlings were divided into five groups, control (C0), chemical fertilizer (CF), seaweed fertilizer (SF), chemical and seaweed fertilizer combination 50:50 (CFSF1), and chemical and fertilizer combination 75:25 (CFSF2). The CFSF1 combination showed to be the most effective in inducing plant height (83.99 ± 3.70 cm) and number of tillers (24.20 ± 4.08). After 8 weeks after transplantation, the isolated DNA from each soil treatment were subjected to 16S rRNA (v3–v4 region) next-generation sequencing. The beneficial Acidobacteriota was most abundant in CFSF1. At genus level, the nitrifying bacteria MND1 was seen to be abundant in CFSF1 and also present in other SF treatments. The genus Chujaibacter is highly abundant in CF, which potentially plays a role in denitrification resulting in soil degradation. In addition, the CFSF1-treated soils show significantly higher diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). The current results could potentially contribute to the utilization of SF as a bioremediator and promoting green agriculture practice by reducing the amount of CF usage.
Abstract.The prevalence of skin cancer continues to increase from year to year. Skin cancer mainly caused bymelanin accumulation on the skin surface (hyperpigmentation) or excessive melanogenesisoccurs. The brown macroalgae S. crassifolium is one of marine natural resources which is abundant in Lombok, Indonesia coastal areas. However, information regarding its potential bioactive activities remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the effective extraction solvent for S. crassifolium for gaining optimum bioactive compounds with promising cytotoxμic activity against melanoma cell line. The three variations of the solvent used are ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Some major compounds that were detected by GC-MS analysis in S. crassifolium were state as follow: n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (Methyl palmitate), Oleic Acid, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester. SEA showed the higher amount of methyl palmitate compared toS. crassifolium extracted with other solvent. Accordingly, to the major chemical constituent, SEA showed highest IC50 against melanoma cell line (61.26 ± 2.13 μg/mL) compared to SET and SNX. SEA also induced apoptosis which characterized by increase in apoptotic nuclei.
Seaweed has often been reported on for it potential bioresources for fertilizers to improve crop productivity and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers (CF). However, little is known about the nutritional status of the crop grown with the implementation of seaweed fertilizers (SF). In this study, the amino acid content of rice produced by SF implementation was evaluated. Furthermore, the rhizosphere bacterial community was also investigated. The paddy seedlings were divided into five groups, control (C0), chemical fertilizer (CF), seaweed fertilizer (SF), chemical and seaweed fertilizer combination 25:75 (CFSF1), and chemical and fertilizer combination 50:50 (CFSF2). The CFSF2 group shown significantly better growth characteristics compared to other groups. Based on the concentration of macronutrients (N, P, K) in paddy leaf, CFSF2 also shown the best results. This also correlates with the abundant amino acid composition in CFSF2 in almost all tested amino acids, namely, serine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, threonine, histidine, and arginine. Interestingly, beneficial bacteria Rhizobiales were significantly higher in CFSF2-treated soil (58%) compared to CF (29%). Another important group, Vicinamibacterales, was also significantly higher in CFSF2 (58%) compared to CF (7%). Hence, these potentially contributed to the high rice amino acid content and yield in the CFSF2-treated paddy. However, further field-scale studies are needed to confirm the bioindustrial application of seaweed in agricultural systems.
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